Tabung, FredSteck, Susan ELiese, Angela DZhang, JiajiaMa, YunshengCaan, BetteChlebowski, Rowan TFreudenheim, Jo LHou, LifangMossavar-Rahmani, YasminShivappa, NitinVitolins, Mara ZWactawski-Wende, JeanOckene, Judith KHébert, James R2017-06-152016Tabung, F. K., S. E. Steck, A. D. Liese, J. Zhang, Y. Ma, B. Caan, R. T. Chlebowski, et al. 2016. “Association between dietary inflammatory potential and breast cancer incidence and death: results from the Women's Health Initiative.” British Journal of Cancer 114 (11): 1277-1285. doi:10.1038/bjc.2016.98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/bjc.2016.98.http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33029959Background: Diet modulates inflammation and inflammatory markers have been associated with cancer outcomes. In the Women's Health Initiative, we investigated associations between a dietary inflammatory index (DII) and invasive breast cancer incidence and death. Methods: The DII was calculated from a baseline food frequency questionnaire in 122 788 postmenopausal women, enrolled from 1993 to 1998 with no prior cancer, and followed until 29 August 2014. With median follow-up of 16.02 years, there were 7495 breast cancer cases and 667 breast cancer deaths. We used Cox regression to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazards ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) by DII quintiles (Q) for incidence of overall breast cancer, breast cancer subtypes, and deaths from breast cancer. The lowest quintile (representing the most anti-inflammatory diet) was the reference. Results: The DII was not associated with incidence of overall breast cancer (HRQ5vsQ1, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.91–1.07; Ptrend=0.83 for overall breast cancer). In a full cohort analysis, a higher risk of death from breast cancer was associated with consumption of more pro-inflammatory diets at baseline, after controlling for multiple potential confounders (HRQ5vsQ1, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.01–1.76; Ptrend=0.03). Conclusions: Future studies are needed to examine the inflammatory potential of post-diagnosis diet given the suggestion from the current study that dietary inflammatory potential before diagnosis is related to breast cancer death.en-USdietary inflammatory indexbreast cancerincidencemortalityWomen's Health InitiativeJournal Article2017-06-1510.1038/bjc.2016.98