Huang, DennisHoffman, Jenny2017-09-082017Huang, Dennis, and Jennifer E. Hoffman. 2017. “Monolayer FeSe on SrTiO3.” Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics 8 (1) (March 31): 311–336. doi:10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031016-025242.1947-5454http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33840789Epitaxial engineering of solid-state heterointerfaces is a leading avenue to realizing enhanced or novel electronic states of matter. As a recent example, bulk FeSe is an unconventional superconductor with a modest transition temperature (Tc) of 9 K. When a single atomic layer of FeSe is grown on SrTiO3, however, its Tc can skyrocket by an order of magnitude to 65 K or 109 K. Since this discovery in 2012, efforts to reproduce, understand, and extend these findings continue to draw both excitement and scrutiny. In this review, we first present a critical survey of experimental measurements performed using a wide range of techniques. We then turn to the open question of microscopic mechanisms of superconductivity. We examine contrasting indications for both phononic (conventional) and magnetic/orbital (unconventional) means of electron pairing, and speculations about whether they could work cooperatively to boost Tc in a monolayer of FeSe.en-USJournal Article2017-06-2920172017-09-0810.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031016-025242