Anderson, MotswediGaseitsiwe, SimaniMoyo, SikhulileThami, Kerapetse P.Mohammed, TerenceSetlhare, DitiroSebunya, Theresa K.Powell, Eleanor A.Makhema, JosephBlackard, Jason T.Marlink, RichardEssex, MaxMusonda, Rosemary2016-11-182016Anderson, M., S. Gaseitsiwe, S. Moyo, K. P. Thami, T. Mohammed, D. Setlhare, T. K. Sebunya, et al. 2016. “Slow CD4+ T-Cell Recovery in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Hepatitis B Virus-Coinfected Patients Initiating Truvada-Based Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in Botswana.” Open Forum Infectious Diseases 3 (3): ofw140. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofw140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofw140.2328-8957http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:29408355Background. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection has emerged as an important cause of morbidity and mortality. We determined the response to Truvada-based first-line combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in HIV/HBV-coinfected verus HIV-monoinfected patients in Botswana. Methods. Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), HBV e antigen (HBeAg), and HBV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) load were determined from baseline and follow-up visits in a longitudinal cART cohort of Truvada-based regimen. We assessed predictors of HBV serostatus and viral suppression (undetectable HBV DNA) using logistic regression techniques. Results. Of 300 participants, 28 were HBsAg positive, giving an HIV/HBV prevalence of 9.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.3–13.2), and 5 of these, 17.9% (95% CI, 6.1–36.9), were HBeAg positive. There was a reduced CD4+ T-cell gain in HIV/HBV-coinfected compared with HIV-monoinfected patients. Hepatitis B virus surface antigen and HBeAg loss was 38% and 60%, respectively, at 24 months post-cART initiation. The HBV DNA suppression rates increased with time on cART from 54% to 75% in 6 and 24 months, respectively. Conclusions. Human immunodeficiency virus/HBV coinfection negatively affected immunologic recovery compared with HIV-1C monoinfection. Hepatitis B virus screening before cART initiation could help improve HBV/HIV treatment outcomes and help determine treatment options when there is a need to switch regimens.en-USBotswanahepatitis B virusHIV/HBV coinfectiontenofovirTruvadaJournal Article2016-11-1810.1093/ofid/ofw140