Canning, David2017-08-092011Canning, David. 2011. The causes and consequences of demographic transition. Population Studies 65, no. 3: 353–361. doi:10.1080/00324728.2011.611372.0032-4728http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33730183The causes and consequences of the demographic transition are considered in light of the recent book by Dyson (2010) on demography and development. In the last 50 years the world has seen an exogenous decline in mortality that generated a decline in fertility and an increase in urbanization that has had profound economic, social and political consequences. However, historically, declines in mortality and fertility, and escape from the Malthusian trap, have required countries to have already undergone considerable economic and political development. We therefore argue for two way causality between the demographic transition and economic and political outcomes.en-USJournal Article2017-08-0910.1080/00324728.2011.611372