Trgovcich, JoanneKincaid, MichelleThomas, AliciaGriessl, MarionZimmerman, PeterDwivedi, VarunBergdall, ValerieKlenerman, PaulCook, Charles2017-01-032016Trgovcich, Joanne, Michelle Kincaid, Alicia Thomas, Marion Griessl, Peter Zimmerman, Varun Dwivedi, Valerie Bergdall, Paul Klenerman, and Charles H. Cook. 2016. “Cytomegalovirus Reinfections Stimulate CD8 T-Memory Inflation.” PLoS ONE 11 (11): e0167097. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0167097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167097.1932-6203http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:29738966Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been shown to induce large populations of CD8 T-effector memory cells that unlike central memory persist in large quantities following infection, a phenomenon commonly termed “memory inflation”. Although murine models to date have shown very large and persistent CMV-specific T-cell expansions following infection, there is considerable variability in CMV-specific T-memory responses in humans. Historically such memory inflation in humans has been assumed a consequence of reactivation events during the life of the host. Because basic information about CMV infection/re-infection and reactivation in immune competent humans is not available, we used a murine model to test how primary infection, reinfection, and reactivation stimuli influence memory inflation. We show that low titer infections induce “partial” memory inflation of both mCMV specific CD8 T-cells and antibody. We show further that reinfection with different strains can boost partial memory inflation. Finally, we show preliminary results suggesting that a single strong reactivation stimulus does not stimulate memory inflation. Altogether, our results suggest that while high titer primary infections can induce memory inflation, reinfections during the life of a host may be more important than previously appreciated.en-USBiology and Life SciencesCell BiologyCellular TypesAnimal CellsBlood CellsWhite Blood CellsT CellsImmune CellsImmunologyMedicine and Health SciencesBiology and life sciencesCell biologyCellular typesAnimal cellsBlood cellsWhite blood cellsT cellsCytotoxic T cellsImmune cellsMedicine and health sciencesPhysiologyImmune PhysiologyAntibodiesImmune System ProteinsBiochemistryProteinsInfectious DiseasesViral DiseasesCytomegalovirus InfectionMicrobiologyVirologyViral Transmission and InfectionViral LoadModel OrganismsAnimal ModelsMouse ModelsImmunologic TechniquesImmunoassaysEnzyme-Linked ImmunoassaysAnimal StudiesAnimal Models of DiseaseAnimal Models of InfectionJournal Article2017-01-0310.1371/journal.pone.0167097