Cohen, TheodoreLipsitch, MarcWalensky, RochelleMurray, Megan2016-10-252006Cohen, T., M. Lipsitch, R. P. Walensky, and M. Murray. 2006. Beneficial and Perverse Effects of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy for Latent Tuberculosis Infection in HIV-Tuberculosis Coinfected Populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103, no, 18: 7042–7047. doi:10.1073/pnas.0600349103.0027-8424http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:29074748In sub-Saharan Africa, where the emergence of HIV has caused dramatic increases in tuberculosis (TB) case notifications, new strategies for TB control are necessary. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) for HIV-TB coinfected individuals reduces the reactivation of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections and is being evaluated as a potential community-wide strategy for improving TB control. We developed a mathematical model of TB/HIV coepidemics to examine the impact of community-wide implementation of IPT for TB-HIV coinfected individuals on the dynamics of drug-sensitive and -resistant TB epidemics. We found that community-wide IPT will reduce the incidence of TB in the short-term but may also speed the emergence of drug-resistant TB. We conclude that community-wide IPT in areas of emerging HIV and drug-resistant TB should be coupled with diagnostic and treatment policies designed to identify and effectively treat the increasing proportion of patients with drug-resistant TB.en-USmathematical modelAIDSprophylaxisJournal Article2015-12-30Marc Lipsitch2016-10-2510.1073/pnas.0600349103