Al-Mozaini, Maha A.Mansour, MichaelAl-Hokail, Abdullah A.Mohmed, Magid A.Daham, Munirah A. BinAl-Abdely, Hail M.Frayha, Husn H.Al-Rabiah, Fahad A.Alhajjar, Sami H.Keshavjee, SalmaanAdra, Chaker N.Alrajhi, Abdulrahman A.2015-04-012014Al-Mozaini, M. A., M. K. Mansour, A. A. Al-Hokail, M. A. Mohmed, M. A. B. Daham, H. M. Al-Abdely, H. H. Frayha, et al. 2014. “HIV-Care Outcome in Saudi Arabia; a Longitudinal Cohort.” Journal of AIDS & clinical research 5 (11): 370. doi:10.4172/2155-6113.1000370. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2155-6113.1000370.2155-6113http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:14351323Background: Clinical characteristics of HIV-1 infection in people inhabiting Western, Sub-Saharan African, and South-East Asian countries are well recognized. However, very little information is available with regard to HIV-1 infection and treatment outcome in MENA countries including the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states. Methods: Clinical, demographic and epidemiologic characteristics of 602 HIV-1 infected patients followed in the adult Infectious Diseases Clinic of King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia a tertiary referral center were longitudinally collected from 1989 to 2010. Results: Of the 602 HIV-1 infected patients in this observation period, 70% were male. The major mode of HIV-1 transmission was heterosexual contact (55%). At diagnosis, opportunistic infections were found in 49% of patients, most commonly being pneumocysitis. AIDS associated neoplasia was also noted in 6% of patients. A hundred and forty-seven patients (24%) died from the cohort by the end of the observation period. The mortality rate peaked in 1992 at 90 deaths per 1000 person-year, whereas the mortality rate gradually decreased to <1% from 1993-2010. In 2010, 71% of the patients were receiving highly active retroviral therapy. Conclusions: These data describe the clinical characteristic of HIV-1-infected patients at a major tertiary referral hospital in KSA over a 20-year period. Initiation of antiretroviral therapy resulted in a significant reduction in both morbidity and mortality. Future studies are needed in the design and implementation of targeted treatment and prevention strategies for HIV-1 infection in KSA.en-USHIVHuman immunodeficiency Virus-1CD4+T cellsAntiviral therapyViral loadOpportunistic infectionsAIDSAcquired immunodeficiency syndromeJournal Article2015-04-0110.4172/2155-6113.1000370