Morii, MasahiroHuth, JohnFranklin, MelissaSpearman, William2020-05-182017-08-14ATLAS Collaboration. 2017. Evidence for Light-by-Light Scattering in Heavy-Ion Collisions With the ATLAS Detector at the LHC. Nature Physics 13, no. 9: 852-858.1745-24731745-2481http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:42667700Light-by-light scattering (γγ→γγ) is a quantum-mechanical process that is forbidden in the classical theory of electrodynamics. This reaction is accessible at the Large Hadron Collider thanks to the large electromagnetic field strengths generated by ultra-relativistic colliding lead (Pb) ions. Using 480 μb−1 of Pb+Pb collision data recorded at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV by the ATLAS detector, the ATLAS Collaboration reports evidence for the γγ→γγ reaction. A total of 13 candidate events are observed with an expected background of 2.6±0.7 events. After background subtraction and analysis corrections, the fiducial cross section of the process Pb+Pb(γγ)→Pb(∗)+Pb(∗)γγ, for photon transverse energy ET>3 GeV, photon absolute pseudorapidity |η|<2.4, diphoton invariant mass greater than 6 GeV, diphoton transverse momentum lower than 2 GeV and diphoton acoplanarity below 0.01, is measured to be 70 ± 24 (stat.) ± 17 (syst.) nb, which is in agreement with Standard Model predictions.en-USJournal Article2018-07-2020172020-05-1810.1038/nphys4208