Weinberg, AdrianaLindsey, JaneBosch, RonaldPersaud, DeborahSato, PaulOgwu, AnthonyAsmelash, AidaBwakura-Dangarambezi, MutsaChi, Benjamin H.Canniff, JenniferLockman, ShahinGaseitsiwe, SimaniMoyo, SikhulileSmith, Christiana ElizabethMoraka, Natasha O.Levin, Myron J.Fane, Charles2018-03-202018Weinberg, A., J. Lindsey, R. Bosch, D. Persaud, P. Sato, A. Ogwu, A. Asmelash, et al. 2018. “B and T Cell Phenotypic Profiles of African HIV-Infected and HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants: Associations with Antibody Responses to the Pentavalent Rotavirus Vaccine.” Frontiers in Immunology 8 (1): 2002. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.02002.http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:35015058We examined associations between B and T cell phenotypic profiles and antibody responses to the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) in perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) infants on antiretroviral therapy and in HIV-exposed uninfected (PHEU) infants enrolled in International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials P1072 study (NCT00880698). Of 17 B and T cell subsets analyzed, PHIV and PHEU differed only in the number of CD4+ T cells and frequency of naive B cells, which were higher in PHEU than in PHIV. In contrast, the B and T cell phenotypic profiles of PHIV and PHEU markedly differed from those of geographically matched contemporary HIV-unexposed infants. The frequency of regulatory T and B cells (Treg, Breg) of PHIV and PHEU displayed two patterns of associations: FOXP3+ CD25+ Treg positively correlated with CD4+ T cell numbers; while TGFβ+ Treg and IL10+ Treg and Breg positively correlated with the frequencies of inflammatory and activated T cells. Moreover, the frequencies of activated and inflammatory T cells of PHIV and PHEU positively correlated with the frequency of immature B cells. Correlations were not affected by HIV status and persisted over time. PHIV and PHEU antibody responses to RV5 positively correlated with CD4+ T cell counts and negatively with the proportion of immature B cells, similarly to what has been previously described in chronic HIV infection. Unique to PHIV and PHEU, anti-RV5 antibodies positively correlated with CD4+/CD8+FOXP3+CD25+% and negatively with CD4+IL10+% Tregs. In conclusion, PHEU shared with PHIV abnormal B and T cell phenotypic profiles. PHIV and PHEU antibody responses to RV5 were modulated by typical HIV-associated immune response modifiers except for the association between CD4+/CD8+FOXP3+CD25+Treg and increased antibody production.en-UShumanB cellsT cellsAIDSantibodiesvaccinationJournal Article2018-03-2010.3389/fimmu.2017.02002