Richardson, P GHofmeister, C CRaje, N SSiegel, D SLonial, SLaubach, JEfebera, Y AVesole, D HNooka, A KRosenblatt, JDoss, DZaki, M HBensmaine, AHerring, JLi, YWatkins, LChen, M SAnderson, K C2018-01-182017Richardson, P. G., C. C. Hofmeister, N. S. Raje, D. S. Siegel, S. Lonial, J. Laubach, Y. A. Efebera, et al. 2017. “Pomalidomide, bortezomib and low-dose dexamethasone in lenalidomide-refractory and proteasome inhibitor-exposed myeloma.” Leukemia 31 (12): 2695-2701. doi:10.1038/leu.2017.173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/leu.2017.173.http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:34651845This phase 1 dose-escalation study evaluated pomalidomide, bortezomib (subcutaneous (SC) or intravenous (IV)) and low-dose dexamethasone (LoDEX) in lenalidomide-refractory and proteasome inhibitor-exposed relapsed or relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). In 21-day cycles, patients received pomalidomide (1–4 mg days 1–14), bortezomib (1–1.3 mg/m2 days 1, 4, 8 and 11 for cycles 1–8; days 1 and 8 for cycle ⩾9) and LoDEX. Primary endpoint was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Thirty-four patients enrolled: 12 during escalation, 10 in the MTD IV bortezomib cohort and 12 in the MTD SC bortezomib cohort. Patients received a median of 2 prior lines of therapy; 97% bortezomib exposed. With no dose-limiting toxicities, MTD was defined as the maximum planned dose: pomalidomide 4 mg, bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 and LoDEX. All patients discontinued treatment by data cutoff (2 April 2015). The most common grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events were neutropenia (44%) and thrombocytopenia (26%), which occurred more frequently with IV than SC bortezomib. No grade 3/4 peripheral neuropathy or deep vein thrombosis was reported. Overall response rate was 65%. Median duration of response was 7.4 months. Pomalidomide, bortezomib and LoDEX was well tolerated and effective in lenalidomide-refractory and bortezomib-exposed patients with RRMM.en-USJournal Article2018-01-1810.1038/leu.2017.173