Weil, Ana A.Arifuzzaman, MohammadBhuiyan, Taufiqur R.LaRocque, Regina C.Harris, Aaron M.Kendall, Emily A.Hossain, AzimTarique, Abdullah A.Sheikh, AlaullahChowdhury, FahimaKhan, Ashraful I.Murshed, FarhanParker, Kenneth C.Banerjee, Kalyan K.Ryan, Edward T.Harris, Jason B.Qadri, FirdausiCalderwood, Stephen B.2019-10-122009Weil, A. A., M. Arifuzzaman, T. R. Bhuiyan, R. C. LaRocque, A. M. Harris, E. A. Kendall, A. Hossain, et al. 2009. “Memory T-Cell Responses to Vibrio Cholerae O1 Infection.” Infection and Immunity77 (11): 5090–96. doi:10.1128/IAI.00793-09.0019-95671070-63131098-5522http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:41542689Vibrio cholerae O1 can cause diarrheal disease that may be life-threatening without treatment. Natural infection results in long-lasting protective immunity, but the role of T cells in this immune response has not been well characterized. In contrast, robust B-cell responses to V. cholerae infection have been observed. In particular, memory B-cell responses to T-cell-dependent antigens persist for at least 1 year, whereas responses to lipopolysaccharide, a T-cell-independent antigen, wane more rapidly after infection. We hypothesize that protective immunity is mediated by anamnestic responses of memory B cells in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, and T-cell responses may be required to generate and maintain durable memory B-cell responses. In this study, we examined B- and T-cell responses in patients with severe V. cholerae infection. Using the flow cytometric assay of the specific cell-mediated immune response in activated whole blood, we measured antigen-specific T-cell responses using V. cholerae antigens, including the toxin-coregulated pilus (TcpA), a V. cholerae membrane preparation, and the V. cholerae cytolysin/hemolysin (VCC) protein. Our results show that memory T-cell responses develop by day 7 after infection, a time prior to and concurrent with the development of B- cell responses. This suggests that T-cell responses to V. cholerae antigens may be important for the generation and stability of memory B- cell responses. The T-cell proliferative response to VCC was of a higher magnitude than responses observed to other V. cholerae antigens.en-USJournal Article2019-10-1210.1128/IAI.00793-09