Aktar, AmenaRahman, M. ArifurAfrin, SadiaFaruk, M. OmarUddin, TaherAkter, AklimaSami, Israk NurYasmin, TahirahChowdhury, FahimaKhan, AshrafulLeung, DanielLaRocque, ReginaCharles, RichelleBhuiyan, Taufiqur RahmanMandlik, AnjaliKelly, MeaganKováč, PavolXu, PengCalderwood, StephenHarris, JasonQadri, FirdausiRyan, Edward2019-10-122016Aktar, Amena, M. Arifur Rahman, Sadia Afrin, M. Omar Faruk, Taher Uddin, Aklima Akter, M. Israk Nur Sami, et al. 2016. “O-Specific Polysaccharide-Specific Memory B Cell Responses in Young Children, Older Children, and Adults Infected with Vibrio Cholerae O1 Ogawa in Bangladesh.” Edited by R. S. Abraham. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 23 (5): 427–35. https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00647-15.1556-679X1556-6811http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:41542655Cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 confers at least 3 to 10 years of protection against subsequent disease regardless of age, despite a relatively rapid fall in antibody levels in peripheral blood, suggesting that memory B cell responses may play an important role in protection. The V. cholerae O1-specific polysaccharide (OSP) component of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is responsible for serogroup specificity, and it is unclear if young children are capable of developing memory B cell responses against OSP, a T cell-independent antigen, following cholera. To address this, we assessed OSP-specific memory B cell responses in young children (2 to 5 years, n = 11), older children (6 to 17 years, n = 21), and adults (18 to 55 years, n = 28) with cholera caused by V. cholerae O1 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We also assessed memory B cell responses against LPS and vibriocidal responses, and plasma antibody responses against OSP, LPS, and cholera toxin B subunit (CtxB; a T cell-dependent antigen) on days 2 and 7, as well as days 30, 90, and 180 after convalescence. In all age cohorts, vibriocidal responses and plasma OSP, LPS, and CtxB-specific responses peaked on day 7 and fell toward baseline over the follow-up period. In comparison, we were able to detect OSP memory B cell responses in all age cohorts of patients with detectable responses over baseline for 90 to 180 days. Our results suggest that OSP-specific memory B cell responses can occur following cholera, even in the youngest children, and may explain in part the age-independent induction of long-term immunity following naturally acquired disease.en-USJournal Article2019-10-1210.1128/CVI.00647-15