Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A.Kiel, Douglas P.Dawson-Hughes, BessOrav, John E.Li, RuifengSpiegelman, DonnaDietrich, ThomasWillett, Walter2019-09-212009Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A, Douglas P Kiel, Bess Dawson-Hughes, John E Orav, Ruifeng Li, Donna Spiegelman, Thomas Dietrich, and Walter C Willett. 2009. “Dietary Calcium and Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Status in Relation to BMD Among U.S. Adults.” Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 24 (5): 935–42. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.081242.0884-04311523-4681http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:41384648A higher calcium intake is still the primary recommendation for the prevention of osteoporosis, whereas vitamin D deficiency is often not addressed. To study the relative importance of dietary calcium intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] status in regard to hip BMD, 4958 community-dwelling women and 5003 men >= 20 yr of age from the U.S. NHANES III population-based survey were studied. Calcium supplement users and individuals with a prior radius or hip fracture were excluded. We calculated standardized means for BMD by quartiles of sex-specific calcium intake for three 25(OH)D categories (<50, 50-74, and 75+ nM) among men and women, separately controlling for other important predictors of BMD. A higher calcium intake was significantly associated with higher BMD 0) value for trend: p = 0.005) only for women with 25(OH)D status <50 nM, whereas calcium intake beyond the upper end of the lowest quartile (>566 mg/d) was not significantly, associated with BMD at 25(OH)D concentrations >50 nM. Among men, there was no significant association between a higher calcium intake beyond the upper end of the lowest quartile (626 mg/d) and BMD within all 25(OH)D categories. Among both sexes, BMD increased stepwise and significantly with higher 25(OH)D concentrations (<50, 50-74, 75+ nM, p value for trend: women < 0.0001; men 0.0001). Among men and women, 25(OH)D status seems to be the dominant predictor of BMD relative to calcium Intake. Only women with 25(OH)D concentrations <50 nM seem to benefit from a higher calcium intake.en-USJournal Article2019-09-2110.1359/JBMR.081242