Bai, JieLiu, Jiahua2020-11-242019-12Bai, Jie, and Jiahua Liu. “The Impact of Intranational Trade Barriers on Exports: Evidence from a Nationwide VAT Rebate Reform in China.” CID Working Paper Series 2019.373, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, December 2019.https://nrs.harvard.edu/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37366409It is well known that various forms of non-tariff trade barriers exist within a country. Empirically, it is difficult to measure these barriers as they can take many forms. We take advantage of a nationwide VAT rebate policy reform in China as a natural experiment to identify the existence of these intranational barriers due to local protectionism and study the impact on exports and exporting firms. As a result of shifting tax rebate burden, the reform leads to a greater incentive of the provincial governments to block the domestic flow of non-local goods to local export intermediaries. We develop an open-economy heterogenous firm model that incorporates multiple domestic regions and multiple exporting technologies, including the intermediary sector. Consistent with the model’s predictions, we find that rising local protectionism leads to a reduction in interprovincial trade, more “inward-looking” sourcing behavior of local intermediaries, and a reduction in manufacturing exports. Analysis using micro firm-level data further shows that private companies with greater baseline reliance on export intermediaries are more adversely affected.en-USResearch Paper or Report2020-11-24