Patel, Sweta M.Rahman, Mohammad ArifMohasin, M.Riyadh, M. AsrafuzzamanLeung, Daniel T.Alam, Mohammad MurshidChowdhury, FahimaKhan, Ashraful I.Weil, Ana A.Aktar, AmenaNazim, MohammadLaRocque, Regina C.Ryan, Edward T.Calderwood, Stephen B.Qadri, FirdausiHarris, Jason B.2019-10-122012Patel, Sweta M., Mohammad Arif Rahman, M. Mohasin, M. Asrafuzzaman Riyadh, Daniel T. Leung, Mohammad Murshid Alam, Fahima Chowdhury, et al. 2012. “Memory B Cell Responses to Vibrio Cholerae O1 Lipopolysaccharide Are Associated with Protection against Infection from Household Contacts of Patients with Cholera in Bangladesh.” Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 19 (6): 842–48. https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00037-12.1556-679X1556-6811http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:41542651Vibrio cholerae O1 causes cholera, a dehydrating diarrheal disease. We have previously shown that V. cholerae-specific memory B cell responses develop after cholera infection, and we hypothesize that these mediate long-term protective immunity against cholera. We prospectively followed household contacts of cholera patients to determine whether the presence of circulating V. cholerae O1 antigen-specific memory B cells on enrollment was associated with protection against V. cholerae infection over a 30-day period. Two hundred thirty-six household contacts of 122 index patients with cholera were enrolled. The presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific IgG memory B cells in peripheral blood on study entry was associated with a 68% decrease in the risk of infection in household contacts (P = 0.032). No protection was associated with cholera toxin B subunit (CtxB)-specific memory B cells or IgA memory B cells specific to LPS. These results suggest that LPS-specific IgG memory B cells may be important in protection against infection with V. cholerae O1.en-USJournal Article2019-10-1210.1128/CVI.00037-12