Marcheselli, Victor L.Hong, SongLukiw, Walter J.Tian, Xiao HuaGronert, KarstenMusto, AlbertoHardy, MattieGimenez, Juan M.Chiang, NanSerhan, Charles N.Bazan, Nicolas G.2019-10-052003Marcheselli, Victor L., Song Hong, Walter J. Lukiw, Xiao Hua Tian, Karsten Gronert, Alberto Musto, Mattie Hardy, et al. 2003. “Novel Docosanoids Inhibit Brain Ischemia-Reperfusion-Mediated Leukocyte Infiltration and Pro-Inflammatory Gene Expression.” Journal of Biological Chemistry 278 (44): 43807–17. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m305841200.0021-92581083-351Xhttp://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:41483534Ischemic stroke triggers lipid peroxidation and neuronal injury. Docosahexaenoic acid released from membrane phospholipids during brain ischemia is a major source of lipid peroxides. Leukocyte infiltration and pro-inflammatory gene expression also contribute to stroke damage. In this study using lipidomic analysis, we have identified stereospecific messengers from docosahexaenoate-oxygenation pathways in a mouse stroke model. Aspirin, widely used to prevent cerebrovascular disease, activates an additional pathway, which includes the 17R-resolvins. The newly discovered brain messenger 10,17S-docosatriene potently inhibited leukocyte infiltration, NFkappaB, and cyclooxygenase-2 induction in experimental stroke and elicited neuroprotection. In addition, in neural cells in culture, this lipid messenger also inhibited both interleukin 1-beta-induced NFkappaB activation and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Thus, the specific novel bioactive docosanoids generated in vivo counteract leukocyte-mediated injury as well as pro-inflammatory gene induction. These results challenge the view that docosahexaenoate only participates in brain damage and demonstrate that this fatty acid is also the endogenous precursor to a neuroprotective signaling response to ischemia-reperfusion.en-USJournal Article2019-10-0510.1074/jbc.M305841200