Soumyanarayanan, AnjanHe, YangThompson, J. D.Fisk, Z.Wang, XiangfengPaglione, JohnpierreMorr, Dirk K.Pirie, HarrisLiu, YuChen, PengchengYee, MRosa, PHamidian, MohammadHoffman, JenniferKim, Dae-Jeong2023-02-072019-11-11Pirie, Harris, Yu Liu, Anjan Soumyanarayanan, Pengcheng Chen, Yang He, M. M. Yee, P. F. S. Rosa, J. D. Thompson, Dae-Jeong Kim, Z. Fisk, Xiangfeng Wang, Johnpierre Paglione, Dirk K. Morr, M. H. Hamidian & Jennifer E. Hoffman. 2020. Imaging Emergent Heavy Dirac Fermions of a Topological Kondo Insulator. Nature Physics 16, no. 1: 52-56.1745-24731745-2481https://nrs.harvard.edu/URN-3:HUL.INSTREPOS:37374226The interplay between strong electron interactions and band topology is a new frontier in the search for exotic quantum phases. The Kondo insulator SmB6 has emerged as a promising platform as its correlation-driven bulk gap is predicted to host topological surface modes entangled with f electrons, spawning heavy Dirac fermions . Unlike the conventional surface states of non-interacting topological insulators, heavy Dirac fermions are expected to harbor spontaneously generated quantum anomalous Hall states, non-Abelian quantum statistics, fractionalization, and topological order. However, the small energy scales required to probe heavy Dirac fermions have complicated their experimental realization. Here we use high-energy-resolution spectroscopic imaging in real and momentum space on SmB6. On cooling through 35 K, we observe the opening of an insulating gap that expands to 14 meV at 2 K. Within the gap, we image the formation of linearly dispersing surface states with effective masses reaching 410 ± 20 me. Our results demonstrate the presence of correlation-driven heavy surface states in SmB6, in agreement with theoretical predictions . Their high effective mass trans- lates to a large density of states near zero energy, which magnifies their susceptibility to the anticipated novel orders, and their potential utility.en-USGeneral Physics and AstronomyJournal Article2023-02-0710.1038/s41567-019-0700-8