Browsing by Author "Biewener, Andrew"
Now showing items 1-20 of 62
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Accuracy of gastrocnemius muscles forces in walking and running goats predicted by one-element and two-element Hill-type models
Lee, Sabrina S.M.; Arnold, Allison S.; Miara, Maria de Boef; Biewener, Andrew Austin; Wakeling, James M. (Elsevier BV, 2013)Hill-type models are commonly used to estimate muscle forces during human and animal movement —yet the accuracy of the forces estimated during walking, running, and other tasks remains largely unknown. Further, most ... -
Added Mass in Rat Plantaris Muscle Causes a Reduction in Mechanical Work
Ross, Stephanie A.; Rimkus, Barbora; Konow, Nicolai; Biewener, Andrew; Wakeling, James M. (The Company of Biologists, 2020-07-31)Most of what we know about whole muscle behaviour comes from experiments on single fibres or small muscles that are scaled up in size without considering the effects of the additional muscle mass. Previous modelling studies ... -
An Anatomical and Biomechanical Study of the Human Iliotibial Band's Role in Elastic Energy Storage
Eng, Carolyn Margaret (2014-06-06)The iliotibial band (ITB) is a complex structure that is unique to humans among apes and is derived from the fascia lata (FL) of the thigh. Although the ITB evolved in the hominin lineage, it is unclear whether it evolved ... -
Animal Locomotion: Near-Ground Low-Cost Flights
Biewener, Andrew (Elsevier BV, 2018-12)Flying animals expend considerable energy. A new study reveals that bats reduce their flight power requirements by nearly a third when flying in ‘ground effect’ close to the surface. -
Aquatic and terrestrial takeoffs require different hindlimb kinematics and muscle function in mallard ducks
Biewener, Andrew; Taylor-Burt, Kari (The Company of Biologists, 2020-06-25)Mallard ducks are capable of performing a wide range of behaviors including nearly vertical takeoffs from both terrestrial and aquatic habitats. The hindlimb plays a key role during takeoffs from both media. However, because ... -
The biomechanics and evolution of impact resistance in human walking and running
Addison, Brian (2016-01-12)How do humans generate and resist repetitive impact forces beneath the heel during walking and heel strike running? Due to the evolution of long day ranges and larger body sizes in the hominin lineage modern human ... -
Broad Similarities in Shoulder Muscle Architecture and Organization Across Two Amniotes: Implications for Reconstructing Non-Mammalian Synapsids
Fahn-Lai, Philip; Biewener, Andrew; Pierce, Stephanie (PeerJ, 2020-02-18)The evolution of upright limb posture in mammals may have enabled modifications of the forelimb for diverse locomotor ecologies. A rich fossil record of non-mammalian synapsids holds the key to unraveling the transition ... -
The capacity of the human iliotibial band to store elastic energy during running
Eng, Carolyn Margaret; Arnold, Allison; Lieberman, Daniel E.; Biewener, Andrew Austin (Elsevier BV, 2015)The human iliotibial band (ITB) is a poorly understood fascial structure that may contribute to energy savings during locomotion. This study evaluated the capacity of the ITB to store and release elastic energy during ... -
A collisional perspective on quadrupedal gait dynamics
Lee, D. V.; Bertram, J. E. A.; Anttonen, J. T.; Ros, Ivo; Harris, S. L.; Biewener, Andrew Austin (The Royal Society, 2011)The analysis of terrestrial locomotion over the past half century has focused largely on strategies of mechanical energy recovery used during walking and running. In contrast, we describe the underlying mechanics of legged ... -
Comparison of human gastrocnemius forces predicted by Hill-type muscle models and estimated from ultrasound images
Dick, Taylor J. M.; Biewener, Andrew Austin; Wakeling, James M. (The Company of Biologists, 2017)Hill-type models are ubiquitous in the field of biomechanics, providing estimates of a muscle's force as a function of its activation state and its assumed force–length and force–velocity properties. However, despite their ... -
A constitutive description of the anisotropic response of the fascia lata
Pancheri, F.Q.; Eng, C.M.; Lieberman, Daniel E.; Biewener, Andrew Austin; Dorfmann, L. (Elsevier BV, 2014)In this paper we propose a constitutive model to analyze in-plane extension of goat fascia lata. We first perform a histological analysis of the fascia that shows a well-organized bi-layered arrangement of undulated collagen ... -
Contractile properties of the pigeon supracoracoideus during different modes of flight
Tobalske, Brett W.; Biewener, Andrew Austin (The Company of Biologists, 2008)The supracoracoideus (SUPRA) is the primary upstroke muscle for avian flight and is the antagonist to the downstroke muscle, the pectoralis (PECT). We studied in vivo contractile properties and mechanical power output of ... -
Different Segments within Vertebrate Muscles Can Operate on Different Regions of Their Force–Length Relationships
Ahn, A N; Konow, Nicolai; Tijs, Chris; Biewener, Andrew (Oxford University Press (OUP), 2018-06-13)To relate in vivo behavior of fascicle segments within a muscle to their in vitro force-length relationships, we examined the strain behavior of paired segments within each of three vertebrate muscles. After determining ... -
Directional Differences in the Biaxial Material Properties of Fascia Lata and the Implications for Fascia Function
Eng, Carolyn M.; Pancheri, Francesco Q.; Lieberman, Daniel E.; Biewener, Andrew Austin; Dorfmann, Luis (Springer Science + Business Media, 2014)Fascia is a highly organized collagenous tissue that is ubiquitous in the body, but whose function is not well understood. Because fascia has a sheet-like structure attaching to muscles and bones at multiple sites, it is ... -
Does a two-element muscle model offer advantages when estimating ankle plantar flexor forces during human cycling?
Lai, Adrian K.M.; Arnold-rife, Allison; Biewener, Andrew; Dick, Taylor J.M.; Wakeling, James M. (Elsevier BV, 2018-02)Traditional Hill-type muscle models, parameterized using high-quality experimental data, are often “too weak” to reproduce the joint torques generated by healthy adults during rapid, high force tasks. This study investigated ... -
Dynamics of goat distal hind limb muscle-tendon function in response to locomotor grade
McGuigan, M. P.; Yoo, E.; Lee, D. V.; Biewener, Andrew Austin (The Company of Biologists, 2009)The functional roles of the lateral gastrocnemius (LG), medial gastrocnemius (MG) and superficial digital flexor (SDF) muscle–tendon units (MTUs) in domestic goats (N=6) were studied as a function of locomotor grade, testing ... -
The effect of fast and slow motor unit activation on whole-muscle mechanical performance: the size principle may not pose a mechanical paradox
Holt, N. C.; Wakeling, J. M.; Biewener, Andrew Austin (The Royal Society, 2014)The output of skeletal muscle can be varied by selectively recruiting different motor units. However, our knowledge of muscle function is largely derived from muscle in which all motor units are activated. This discrepancy ... -
Effects of Flight Speed upon Muscle Activity in Hummingbirds
Tobalske, Bret W.; Biewener, Andrew Austin; Warrick, Douglas R.; Hedrick, Tyson L.; Powers, Donald R. (The Company of Biologists, 2010)Hummingbirds have the smallest body size and highest wingbeat frequencies of all flying vertebrates, so they represent one endpoint for evaluating the effects of body size on sustained muscle function and flight performance. ... -
The Evolution of a Single Toe in Horses: Causes, Consequences, and the Way Forward
McHorse, Brianna K; Biewener, Andrew; Pierce, Stephanie (Oxford University Press (OUP), 2019-05-24)Horses are a classic example of macroevolution in three major traits—large body size, tall-crowned teeth (hypsodonty), and a single toe (monodactyly)—but how and why monodactyly evolved is still poorly understood. Existing ... -
Fatigue Alters in Vivo Function Within and Between Limb Muscles During Locomotion
Higham, Timothy E.; Biewener, Andrew A. (Royal Society, The, 2009)Muscle fatigue, a reduction in force as a consequence of exercise, is an important factor for any animal that moves, and can result from both peripheral and/or central mechanisms. Although much is known about whole-limb ...