Browsing FAS Scholarly Articles by Title

Now showing items 6461-6480 of 18292

    • The Genetic Basis of Phenotypic Convergence in Beach Mice: Similar Pigment Patterns but Different Genes 

      Steiner, C. C.; Rompler, H.; Boettger, Linda M; Schoneberg, T.; Hoekstra, Hopi E. (Oxford University Press (OUP), 2008)
      Convergent evolution is a widespread phenomenon seen in diverse organisms inhabiting similar selective environments. However, it is unclear if similar phenotypes are produced by the same or different genes and mutations. ...

    • Genetic Characterization of smg-8 Mutants Reveals No Role in C. elegans Nonsense Mediated Decay 

      Rosains, Jacqueline; Mango, Susan (Public Library of Science, 2012)
      The nonsense mediated decay (NMD) pathway degrades mRNAs bearing premature translation termination codons. In mammals, SMG-8 has been implicated in the NMD pathway, in part by its association with SMG-1 kinase. Here we use ...

    • Genetic Circuitry of Survival Motor Neuron, the Gene Underlying Spinal Muscular Atrophy 

      Sen, Anindya; Dimlich, Douglas; Guruharsha, K. G.; Kankel, Mark William; Hori, Kazuya; Yokokura, Takakazu; Brachat, Sophie; Richardson, Delwood; Loureiro, Joseph; Sivasankaran, Rajeev; Curtis, Daniel; Davidow, Lance Steven; Rubin, Lee; Hart, Anne C.; Van Vactor, David L.; Artavanis-Tsakonas, Spyros (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2013)
      The clinical severity of the neurodegenerative disorder spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is dependent on the levels of functional Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein. Consequently, current strategies for developing treatments ...

    • Genetic Conflict in Human Pregnancy 

      Haig, David Addison (University of Chicago Press, 1993)
      Pregnancy has commonly been viewed as a cooperative interaction between a mother and her fetus. The effects of natural selection on genes expressed in fetuses, however, may be opposed by the effects of natural selection ...

    • Genetic Demixing and Evolution in Linear Stepping Stone Models 

      Korolev, K.; Avlund, Mikkel; Hallatschek, Oskar; Nelson, David R. (American Physical Society, 2010)
      Results for mutation, selection, genetic drift, and migration in a one-dimensional continuous population are reviewed and extended. The population is described by a continuous limit of the stepping stone model, which leads ...

    • Genetic Determinism, Technology Optimism, and Race: Views of the American Public 

      Hochschild, Jennifer L.; Sen, Maya (SAGE Publications, 2015)
      We begin with a typology of Americans’ understanding of the links between genetic inheritance and racial or ethnic groups. The typology has two dimensions: one running from genetic determinism to social construction, and ...

    • Genetic differentiation and the evolution of cooperation in chimpanzees and humans 

      Langergraber, K.; Schubert, Gary; Rowney, C.; Wrangham, Richard W.; Zommers, Z.; Vigilant, L. (The Royal Society, 2011)
      It has been proposed that human cooperation is unique among animals for its scale and complexity, its altruistic nature and its occurrence among large groups of individuals that are not closely related or are even strangers. ...

    • Genetic differentiation without mimicry shift in a pair of hybridizing Heliconius species (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) 

      Mérot, Claire; Mavárez, Jesús; Evin, Allowen; Dasmahapatra, Kanchon K.; Mallet, James; Lamas, Gerardo; Joron, Mathieu (Wiley-Blackwell, 2013)
      Butterflies in the genus Heliconius have undergone rapid adaptive radiation for warning patterns and mimicry, and are excellent models to study the mechanisms underlying diversification. In Heliconius, mimicry rings typically ...

    • Genetic dissent and individual compromise 

      Haig, David Addison (Springer Science + Business Media, 2014)
      Organisms can be treated as optimizers when there is consensus among their genes about what is best to be done, but genomic consensus is often lacking, especially in interactions among kin because kin share some genes but ...

    • Genetic Diversity and the Structure of Genealogies in Rapidly Adapting Populations 

      Desai, Michael Manish; Walczak, Aleksandra M.; Fisher, Daniel S. (Genetics Society of America, 2013)
      Positive selection distorts the structure of genealogies and hence alters patterns of genetic variation within a population. Most analyses of these distortions focus on the signatures of hitchhiking due to hard or soft ...

    • Genetic Diversity in the Interference Selection Limit 

      Good, Benjamin H.; Walczak, Aleksandra M.; Neher, Richard A.; Desai, Michael M. (Public Library of Science, 2014)
      Pervasive natural selection can strongly influence observed patterns of genetic variation, but these effects remain poorly understood when multiple selected variants segregate in nearby regions of the genome. Classical ...

    • Genetic diversity of STLV-2 and interspecies transmission of STLV-3 in wild-living bonobos 

      Ahuka-Mundeke, Steve; Lunguya-Metila, Octavie; Mbenzo-Abokome, Valentin; Butel, Christelle; Inogwabini, Bila-Isia; Omasombo, Valentin; Muyembe-Tamfum, Jean-Jacques; Georgiev, Alexander V.; Muller, Martin N.; Ndjango, Jean-Bosco N.; Li, Yingying; Delaporte, Eric; Hahn, Beatrice H.; Peeters, Martine; Ayouba, Ahidjo (Oxford University Press, 2016)
      There are currently four known primate T-cell lymphotropic virus groups (PTLV1-4), each of which comprises closely related simian (STLV) and human (HTLV) viruses. For PTLV-1 and PTLV-3, simian and human viruses are ...

    • Genetic drift at expanding frontiers promotes gene segregation 

      Hallatschek, Oskar; Hersen, Pascal; Ramanathan, Sharad; Nelson, David (National Academy of Sciences, 2007)
      Competition between random genetic drift and natural selection play a central role in evolution: Whereas nonbeneficial mutations often prevail in small populations by chance, mutations that sweep through large populations ...

    • Genetic Evidence of Human Adaptation to a Cooked Diet 

      Carmody, Rachel N.; Dannemann, Michael; Briggs, Adrian W.; Nickel, Birgit; Groopman, Emily E.; Wrangham, Richard W.; Kelso, Janet (Oxford University Press, 2016)
      Humans have been argued to be biologically adapted to a cooked diet, but this hypothesis has not been tested at the molecular level. Here, we combine controlled feeding experiments in mice with comparative primate genomics ...

    • The genetic heterogeneity and mutational burden of engineered melanomas in zebrafish models 

      Yen, Jennifer; White, Richard M; Wedge, David C; Van Loo, Peter; de Ridder, Jeroen; Capper, Amy; Richardson, Jennifer; Jones, David; Raine, Keiran; Watson, Ian R; Wu, Chang-Jiun; Cheng, Jiqiu; Martincorena, Iñigo; Nik-Zainal, Serena; Mudie, Laura; Moreau, Yves; Marshall, John; Ramakrishna, Manasa; Tarpey, Patrick; Shlien, Adam; Whitmore, Ian; Gamble, Steve; Latimer, Calli; Langdon, Erin; Kaufman, Charles; Dovey, Mike; Taylor, Alison; Menzies, Andy; McLaren, Stuart; O’Meara, Sarah; Butler, Adam; Teague, Jon; Lister, James; Chin, Lynda; Campbell, Peter; Adams, David J; Zon, Leonard I; Patton, E Elizabeth; Stemple, Derek L; Futreal, P Andy (BioMed Central, 2013)
      Background: Melanoma is the most deadly form of skin cancer. Expression of oncogenic BRAF or NRAS, which are frequently mutated in human melanomas, promote the formation of nevi but are not sufficient for tumorigenesis. ...

    • Genetic incompatibilities are widespread within species 

      Corbett-Detig, Russell B.; Zhou, Jun; Clark, Andrew G.; Hartl, Daniel L.; Ayroles, Julien (Nature Publishing Group, 2013)
      The importance of epistasis—non-additive interactions between alleles—in shaping population fitness has long been a controversial topic, hampered in part by lack of empirical evidence1, 2, 3, 4. Traditionally, epistasis ...

    • Genetic Introgression: An Integral but neglected component of speciation in birds 

      Rheindt, Frank Erwin; Edwards, Scott V. (University of California Press, 2011)
      HYBRIDIZATION, OR THE act of reproduction between different species, is common in birds (Grant and Grant 1992) and can be an agent of adaptive evolution (Veen et al. 2001). When hybridization occurs, a species' genetic ...

    • Genetic Method for Labeling Electrically Coupled Cells: Application to Retina 

      Qiao, Mu; Sanes, Joshua R. (Frontiers Media S.A., 2016)
      Understanding how the nervous system functions requires mapping synaptic connections between neurons. Several methods are available for imaging neurons connected by chemical synapses, but few enable marking neurons connected ...

    • Genetic Progression and the Waiting Time to Cancer 

      Beerenwinkel, Niko; Antal, Tibor; Dingli, David; Traulsen, Arne; Velculescu, Victor E.; Vogelstein, Bert; Nowak, Martin A. (Public Library of Science, 2007)
      Cancer results from genetic alterations that disturb the normal cooperative behavior of cells. Recent high-throughput genomic studies of cancer cells have shown that the mutational landscape of cancer is complex and that ...

    • Genetic relatedness analysis reveals the cotransmission of genetically related Plasmodium falciparum parasites in Thiès, Senegal 

      Wong, Wesley; Griggs, Allison D.; Daniels, Rachel F.; Schaffner, Stephen F.; Ndiaye, Daouda; Bei, Amy K.; Deme, Awa B.; MacInnis, Bronwyn; Volkman, Sarah K.; Hartl, Daniel L.; Neafsey, Daniel E.; Wirth, Dyann F. (BioMed Central, 2017)
      Background: As public health interventions drive parasite populations to elimination, genetic epidemiology models that incorporate population genomics can be powerful tools for evaluating the effectiveness of continued ...