Browsing SPH Scholarly Articles by Title
Now showing items 6160-6179 of 6362
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Vaccination against colonizing bacteria with multiple serotypes
(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1997)Conjugate vaccines protect vaccinated individuals against both disease from and nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Protection is specific to the capsular serotype(s) included ... -
Vaccination and All-Cause Child Mortality From 1985 to 2011: Global Evidence From the Demographic and Health Surveys
(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2015-10-08)Based on models with calibrated parameters for infection, case fatality rates, and vaccine efficacy, basic childhood vaccinations have been estimated to be highly cost effective. We estimated the association of vaccination ... -
Vaccine Allocation in a Declining Epidemic
(The Royal Society, 2012)Sizeable quantities of 2009 pandemic influenza A/H1N1 (H1N1pdm) vaccine in the USA became available at the end of 2009 when the autumn wave of the epidemic was declining. At that point, risk factors for H1N1-related mortality ... -
Vaccine testing for emerging infections: the case for individual randomisation
(BMJ, 2017)During the 2014-2015 Ebola outbreak in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, many opposed the use of individually randomised controlled trials to test candidate Ebola vaccines. For a raging fatal disease, they explained, it ... -
Validation and Calibration of a Computer Simulation Model of Pediatric HIV Infection
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Background: Computer simulation models can project long-term patient outcomes and inform health policy. We internally validated and then calibrated a model of HIV disease in children before initiation of antiretroviral ... -
Validation of a food frequency questionnaire measurement of selected nutrients using biological markers in African-American men
(Springer Nature, 2007)Objective: To validate selected nutrients assessed by the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) used in the Harvard cohort studies in an African-American group.Design: Blood aliquots were pooled for each decile of intake of ... -
Validation of a model to investigate the effects of modifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors on the burden of CVD: the rotterdam ischemic heart disease and stroke computer simulation (RISC) model
(BioMed Central, 2012)Background: We developed a Monte Carlo Markov model designed to investigate the effects of modifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors on the burden of CVD. Internal, predictive, and external validity of the model ... -
Validation of A Point-of-Care Lactate Device For Screening At-Risk Adults Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Therapy In Botswana
(OMICS Publishing Group, 2011)BACKGROUND: Nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are a major component of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) worldwide but they have been associated with mitochondrial toxicities, with one of the most ... -
Validation of a polygenic risk score for dementia in black and white individuals
(, 2014)Objective: To determine whether a polygenic risk score for Alzheimer's disease (AD) predicts dementia probability and memory functioning in non-Hispanic black (NHB) and non-Hispanic white (NHW) participants from a sample ... -
Validation of a risk prediction tool for coronary heart disease in middle-aged women
(BioMed Central, 2015)Background: Health risk appraisal tools may be useful for identifying individuals who would benefit from lifestyle changes and increased surveillance. We evaluated the validity of the Your Disease Risk tool (YDR) for ... -
Validation of self-reported weights and heights in the avoiding diabetes after pregnancy trial (ADAPT)
(BioMed Central, 2014)Background: Randomized controlled trials that test the effectiveness of mobile health-based weight loss programs are attractive to participants, funders, and researchers because of the low implementation cost, minimal ... -
Validation of the Gail et al. Model of Breast Cancer Risk Prediction and Implications for Chemoprevention
(Oxford University Press, 2001)Background: Women and their clinicians are increasingly encouraged to use risk estimates derived from statistical models, primarily that of Gall et al,, to aid decision making regarding potential prevention options for ... -
Validation of the “World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule for Children, WHODAS-Child” in Rwanda
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Overview: The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule for children (WHODAS-Child) is a disability assessment instrument based on the WHO's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health ... -
Validity and Reliability of a Fijian Translation and Adaptation of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire
(John Wiley and Sons, 2010)Objective: Assessment of disordered eating has uncertain validity across culturally diverse populations. This study evaluated Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) performance in an ethnic Fijian study population. ... -
Validity of a practitioner-administered observational tool to measure physical activity, nutrition, and screen time in school-age programs
(BioMed Central, 2014)Background: Nutrition and physical activity interventions have been effective in creating environmental changes in afterschool programs. However, accurate assessment can be time-consuming and expensive as initiatives are ... -
Validity of Self-Reported Tobacco Smoke Exposure among Non-Smoking Adult Public Housing Residents
(Public Library of Science, 2016)Introduction: Tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) in public multi-unit housing (MUH) is of concern. However, the validity of self-reports for determining TSE among non-smoking residents in such housing is unclear. Methods: We ... -
Value of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein assays in predicting atrial fibrillation recurrence: a systematic review and meta-analysis
(BMJ Publishing Group, 2014)Objectives: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) assays to see whether these tests are predictive of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence after ... -
Values for Preventing Influenza-related Morbidity and Vaccine Adverse Events in Children
(BioMed Central, 2005)Background: Influenza vaccination recently has been recommended for children 6–23 months old, but is not currently recommended for routine use in non-high-risk older children. Information on disease impact, costs, benefits, ... -
Valuing Mortality Risk in China: Comparing Stated-Preference Estimates From 2005 and 2016
(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2019-06)We estimate the marginal rate of substitution of income for reduction in current annual mortality risk (the “value per statistical life” or VSL) using stated- preference surveys administered to independent samples of the ... -
VAR2CSA Signatures of High Plasmodium falciparum Parasitemia in the Placenta
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes (IE) accumulate in the placenta through the interaction between Duffy-binding like (DBL) domains of parasite-encoded ligand VAR2CSA and chondroitin sulphate-A (CSA) receptor. ...