Browsing SPH Scholarly Articles by Title
Now showing items 705-724 of 6362
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B Vitamins, Methionine and Alcohol Intake and Risk of Colon Cancer in Relation to BRAF Mutation and CpG Island Methylator Phenotype (CIMP)
(Public Library of Science, 2011)Background: One-carbon metabolism appears to play an important role in DNA methylation reaction. Evidence suggests that a low intake of B vitamins or high alcohol consumption increases colorectal cancer risk. How one-carbon ... -
Bachelors, Divorcees, and Widowers: Does Marriage Protect Men from Type 2 Diabetes?
(Public Library of Science, 2014)While research has suggested that being married may confer a health advantage, few studies to date have investigated the role of marital status in the development of type 2 diabetes. We examined whether men who are not ... -
Bacterial Adrenergic Sensors Regulate Virulence of Enteric Pathogens in the Gut
(American Society for Microbiology, 2016)ABSTRACT Enteric pathogens such as enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) and Citrobacter rodentium, which is largely used as a surrogate EHEC model for murine infections, are exposed to several host neurotransmitters ... -
Bacterial Genome-Wide Association Identifies Novel Factors That Contribute to Ethionamide and Prothionamide Susceptibility in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(American Society for Microbiology, 2019-04-30)In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, recent genome-wide association studies have identified a novel constellation of mutations that are correlated with high-level drug resistances. Interpreting the functional importance of the ... -
Bacterial Growth and Cell Division: a Mycobacterial Perspective
(American Society for Microbiology, 2008)The genus Mycobacterium is best known for its two major pathogenic species, M. tuberculosis and M. leprae, the causative agents of two of the world's oldest diseases, tuberculosis and leprosy, respectively. M. tuberculosis ... -
Bacterial Vaccines and Serotype Replacement: Lessons from Haemophilus influenzae and Prospects for Streptococcus pneumoniae
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1999)Conjugate vaccines have reduced the incidence of invasive disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae, type b (Hib), in industrialized countries and may be highly effective against Streptococcus pneumoniae. However, the ... -
Balancing Selection on a Regulatory Region Exhibiting Ancient Variation That Predates Human–Neandertal Divergence
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Ancient population structure shaping contemporary genetic variation has been recently appreciated and has important implications regarding our understanding of the structure of modern human genomes. We identified a ∼36-kb ... -
Balancing the benefits of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the risks of methylmercury exposure from fish consumption
(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2011)Fish and shellfish are widely available foods that provide important nutrients, particularly n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), to many populations globally. These nutrients, especially docosahexaenoic acid, ... -
BALSA: Bayesian algorithm for local sequence alignment
(Oxford University Press (OUP), 2002)The Smith–Waterman algorithm yields a single alignment, which, albeit optimal, can be strongly affected by the choice of the scoring matrix and the gap penalties. Additionally, the scores obtained are dependent upon the ... -
Barium distributions in teeth reveal early life dietary transitions in primates
(2013)Early life dietary transitions reflect fundamental aspects of primate evolution and are important determinants of health in contemporary human populations1,2. Weaning is critical to developmental and reproductive rates; ... -
Barriers to colorectal cancer screening in community health centers: A qualitative study
(BioMed Central, 2008)Background: Colorectal cancer screening rates are low among disadvantaged patients; few studies have explored barriers to screening in community health centers. The purpose of this study was to describe barriers to/facilitators ... -
Barriers to HPV immunization among blacks and latinos: a qualitative analysis of caregivers, adolescents, and providers
(BioMed Central, 2016)Background: Despite recommendations that 11–12-year-olds receive the full three-shot Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine series, national HPV immunization coverage rates remain low. Disparities exist, with Blacks and Latinos ... -
Barriers to providing quality emergency obstetric care in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Healthcare providers’ perspectives on training, referrals and supervision, a mixed methods study
(BioMed Central, 2015)Background: Increasing women’s access to and use of facilities for childbirth is a critical national strategy to improve maternal health outcomes in Ethiopia; however coverage alone is not enough as the quality of emergency ... -
Barriers to Treatment Access for Chagas Disease in Mexico
(Public Library of Science, 2013)Background: According to World Health Organization (WHO) prevalence estimates, 1.1 million people in Mexico are infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease (CD). However, limited information is ... -
Barriers, facilitators and views about next steps to implementing supports for evidence-informed decision-making in health systems: a qualitative study
(BioMed Central, 2014)Background: Mobilizing research evidence for daily decision-making is challenging for health system decision-makers. In a previous qualitative paper, we showed the current mix of supports that Canadian health-care organizations ... -
Baseline and lifetime alcohol consumption and risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in the EPIC study
(Nature Publishing Group, 2015)Background: Results from several cohort and case–control studies suggest a protective association between current alcohol intake and risk of thyroid carcinoma, but the epidemiological evidence is not completely consistent ... -
Baseline CD4 Cell Counts of Newly Diagnosed HIV Cases in China: 2006–2012
(Public Library of Science, 2014)Background: Late diagnosis of HIV infection is common. We aim to assess the proportion of newly diagnosed HIV cases receiving timely baseline CD4 count testing and the associated factors in China. Methods: Data were extracted ... -
Baseline Repeated Measures from Controlled Human Exposure Studies: Associations between Ambient Air Pollution Exposure and the Systemic Inflammatory Biomarkers IL-6 and Fibrinogen
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2009)Introduction: Systemic inflammation may be one of the mechanisms mediating the association between ambient air pollution and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and fibrinogen are biomarkers of ... -
Baseline Resistance to Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Fails to Predict Virologic Response to Combination Therapy in Children (PACTG 338)
(BioMed Central, 2007)Background: The association between baseline drug resistance mutations and subsequent increase in viral failure has not been established for HIV-infected children. We evaluated drug resistance mutations at 39 codon sites ...