Browsing SPH Scholarly Articles by Title
Now showing items 3162-3181 of 6362
-
Implications of the Age Profile of the Novel Coronavirus
(2020-03)The role of children in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 remains unclear, and existing data are yet to provide a consistent explanation for the markedly skewed age distribution of COVID-19 cases. Whereas early data from ... -
Implications of the Precautionary Principle in research and policy-making
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2004)The Precautionary Principle (PP) has recently been formally introduced into national and international law. The key element is the justification for acting in the face of uncertainty. The PP is thereby a tool for avoiding ... -
The Implications of Using a Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Model for Pesticide Risk Assessment
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2009)Background: A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model would make it possible to simulate the dynamics of chemical absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) from different routes of exposures ... -
Implications of Zika virus and congenital Zika syndrome for the number of live births in Brazil
(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2018)An increase in microcephaly, associated with an epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil, prompted the World Health Organization to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in February 2016. While knowledge ... -
The Importance of Drains for the Larval Development of Lymphatic Filariasis and Malaria Vectors in Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
(Public Library of Science, 2010)Background: Dar es Salaam has an extensive drain network, mostly with inadequate water flow, blocked by waste, causing flooding after rainfall. The presence of Anopheles and Culex larvae is common, which is likely to impact ... -
The Importance of First Impressions: Early Events in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Influence Outcome
(American Society for Microbiology, 2016)ABSTRACT Tuberculosis remains a major health threat in much of the world. New vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis are essential for preventing infection, disease, and transmission. However, the host immune responses ... -
The importance of prevention of calciphylaxis in patients who are at risk and the potential fallibility of calcimimetics in the treatment of calciphylaxis for patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism
(Oxford University Press, 2009)A 43-year-old African American with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) associated with membranous nephropathy and a previously failed renal transplant had received cinacalcet to treat his secondary hyperparathyroidism. Serum ... -
Importin-13 genetic variation is associated with improved airway responsiveness in childhood asthma
(BioMed Central, 2009)Background: Glucocorticoid function is dependent on efficient translocation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) from the cytoplasm to the nucleus of cells. Importin-13 (IPO13) is a nuclear transport receptor that mediates ... -
Improved Air Quality and Attenuated Lung Function Decline: Modification by Obesity in the SAPALDIA Cohort
(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2013)Background: Air pollution and obesity are hypothesized to contribute to accelerated decline in lung function with age through their inflammatory properties. Objective: We investigated whether the previously reported ... -
Improved Breast Cancer Survival Following Introduction of an Organized Mammography Screening Program among Both Screened and Unscreened Women: A Population-Based Cohort Study
(BioMed Central, 2009)Introduction: Mammography screening reduces breast cancer mortality through earlier diagnosis but may convey further benefit if screening is associated with optimized treatment through multidisciplinary medical care. In ... -
Improved care of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in two academic emergency departments
(Springer-Verlag, 2009)Background: Although several chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) practice guidelines have been published, there is sparse data on the actual emergency department (ED) management of acute exacerbation of COPD ... -
An Improved Empirical Bayes Approach to Estimating Differential Gene Expression in Microarray Time-Course Data: BETR (Bayesian Estimation of Temporal Regulation)
(BioMed Central, 2009)Background: Microarray gene expression time-course experiments provide the opportunity to observe the evolution of transcriptional programs that cells use to respond to internal and external stimuli. Most commonly used ... -
Improving Completeness of Electronic Problem Lists through Clinical Decision Support: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
(BMJ Group, 2012)Background: Accurate clinical problem lists are critical for patient care, clinical decision support, population reporting, quality improvement, and research. However, problem lists are often incomplete or out of date. ... -
Improving data quality and supervision of antiretroviral therapy sites in Malawi: an application of Lot Quality Assurance Sampling
(BioMed Central, 2012)Background: High quality program data is critical for managing, monitoring, and evaluating national HIV treatment programs. By 2009, the Malawi Ministry of Health had initiated more than 270,000 patients on HIV treatment ... -
Improving Decision Making for Massive Transfusions in a Resource Poor Setting: A Preliminary Study in Kenya
(Public Library of Science, 2015)Background: The reality of finite resources has a real-world impact on a patient’s ability to receive life-saving care in resource-poor settings. Blood for transfusion is an example of a scarce resource. Very few studies ... -
Improving outcomes for caregivers through treatment of young people affected by war: a randomized controlled trial in Sierra Leone
(World Health Organization, 2015)Abstract Objective: To measure the benefits to household caregivers of a psychotherapeutic intervention for adolescents and young adults living in a war-affected area. Methods: Between July 2012 and July 2013, we carried ... -
Improving pandemic influenza risk assessment
(eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, 2014)Assessing the pandemic risk posed by specific non-human influenza A viruses is an important goal in public health research. As influenza virus genome sequencing becomes cheaper, faster, and more readily available, the ... -
Improving performance of the Tariff Method for assigning causes of death to verbal autopsies
(BioMed Central, 2015)Background: Reliable data on the distribution of causes of death (COD) in a population are fundamental to good public health practice. In the absence of comprehensive medical certification of deaths, the only feasible way ... -
Improving Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Care and Related Services in Eastern Rwanda
(Public Library of Science, 2010)Younsook Lim and colleagues describe the Rwanda Learning Collaborative on Child Health, which aimed to improve and extend the impact of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS. -
Improving Quality of Care for Maternal and Newborn Health: Prospective Pilot Study of the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist Program
(Public Library of Science, 2012)Background: Most maternal deaths, intrapartum-related stillbirths, and newborn deaths in low income countries are preventable but simple, effective methods for improving safety in institutional births have not been devised. ...