Browsing SPH Scholarly Articles by Keyword "epidemiology and control of infectious diseases"

Now showing items 1-8 of 8

    • Are Survey-based Estimates of the Burden of Drug Resistant TB Too Low? Insight from a Simulation Study 

      Cohen, Ted; Colijn, Caroline; Finklea, Bryson; Wright, Abigail; Zignol, Matteo; Pym, Alexander; Kretzschmar, Mirjam; Murray, Megan Blanche (Public Library of Science, 2008)
      Background: The emergence of tuberculosis resistant to multiple first- and second-line antibiotics poses challenges to a global control strategy that relies on standard drug treatment regimens. Highly drug-resistant strains ...

    • Estimating the Impact of Plasma HIV-1 RNA Reductions on Heterosexual HIV-1 Transmission Risk 

      Lingappa, Jairam R.; Baeten, Jared M.; Celum, Connie; Gray, Glenda E.; Stevens, Wendy S.; Donnell, Deborah; Farquhar, Carey; Mullins, James I.; Coombs, Robert W.; Rees, Helen; Corey, Lawrence; Wald, Anna; Hughes, James P.; Wang, Richard S.; Campbell, Mary S.; Essex, Myron Elmer (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      Background: The risk of sexual transmission of HIV-1 is strongly associated with the level of HIV-1 RNA in plasma making reduction in HIV-1 plasma levels an important target for HIV-1 prevention interventions. A quantitative ...

    • HIV-1 Subtype C-Infected Individuals Maintaining High Viral Load as Potential Targets for the “Test-and-Treat” Approach to Reduce HIV Transmission 

      Baum, Marianna; Thior, Ibou; Asmelash, Aida; Campa, Adriana; van Widenfelt, Erik; Mine, Madisa; Moffat, Claire; Mmalane, Mompati; Gilbert, Peter; Novitsky, Vladimir A.; Wang, Rui; Bussmann, Hermann; Lockman, Shahin; Shapiro, Roger L.; Wester, Carolyn Negley; Wester, C William; Ogwu, Anthony; Musonda, Rosemary Mubanga; Moyo, Sikhulile; Makhema, Joseph Moeketsi; Marlink, Richard George; Seage, George R.; De Gruttola, Victor Gerard; Essex, Myron Elmer (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      The first aim of the study is to assess the distribution of HIV-1 RNA levels in subtype C infection. Among 4,348 drug-naïve HIV-positive individuals participating in clinical studies in Botswana, the median baseline plasma ...

    • Overestimates of Survival after HAART: Implications for Global Scale-Up Efforts 

      Bisson, Gregory P.; Gross, Robert; Bellamy, Scarlett; Mogorosi, Mpho; Avalos, Ava; Friedman, Harvey; Dickinson, Diana; Ndwapi, Ndwapi; Gaolathe, Tendani; Rollins, Caitlin Kantrowitz; Frank, Ian (Public Library of Science, 2008)
      Background: Monitoring the effectiveness of global antiretroviral therapy scale-up efforts in resource-limited settings is a global health priority, but is complicated by high rates of losses to follow-up after treatment ...

    • Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide Structure Predicts Serotype Prevalence 

      Weinberger, Daniel M.; Trzciński, Krzysztof; Lu, Ying-Jie; Bogaert, Debby; Brandes, Aaron; Galagan, James E; Anderson, Porter; Malley, Richard; Lipsitch, Marc (Public Library of Science, 2009)
      There are 91 known capsular serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The nasopharyngeal carriage prevalence of particular serotypes is relatively stable worldwide, but the host and bacterial factors that maintain these ...

    • Quantifying Child Mortality Reductions Related to Measles Vaccination 

      Goldhaber-Fiebert, Jeremy D.; Lipsitch, Marc; Mahal, Ajay; Zaslavsky, Alan M.; Salomon, Joshua A. (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      Background: This study characterizes the historical relationship between coverage of measles containing vaccines (MCV) and mortality in children under 5 years, with a view toward ongoing global efforts to reduce child ...

    • Routine HIV Screening in France: Clinical Impact and Cost-Effectiveness 

      Yazdanpanah, Yazdan; Sloan, Caroline E.; Charlois-Ou, Cécile; Le Vu, Stéphane; Semaille, Caroline; Costagliola, Dominique; Pillonel, Josiane; Poullié, Anne-Isabelle; Scemama, Olivier; Deuffic-Burban, Sylvie; Paltiel, A. David; Losina, Elena; Walensky, Rochelle P.; Freedberg, Kenneth Alan (Public Library of Science, 2010)
      Background: In France, roughly 40,000 HIV-infected persons are unaware of their HIV infection. Although previous studies have evaluated the cost-effectiveness of routine HIV screening in the United States, differences in ...

    • Use of Cumulative Incidence of Novel Influenza A/H1N1 in Foreign Travelers to Estimate Lower Bounds on Cumulative Incidence in Mexico 

      Lajous, Martin; Cohen, Ted; Wallinga, Jacco; Riley, Steven; Dowell, Scott F.; Reed, Carrie; McCarron, Meg; Lipsitch, Marc; O'Hagan, Justin John; Miller, Joel C.; Goldstein, Edward; Danon, Leon (Public Library of Science, 2009)
      Background: An accurate estimate of the total number of cases and severity of illness of an emerging infectious disease is required both to define the burden of the epidemic and to determine the severity of disease. When ...