The Ascomycota Tree of Life: A Phylum Wide Phylogeny Clarifies the Origin and Evolution of Fundamental Reproductive and Ecological Traits
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Spatafora, Joseph W.
Lutzoni, Francois
Trappe, James M.
Hansen, Karen
Cole, Mariette S.
Crittenden, Peter D.
Dyer, Paul S.
Zuccaro, Alga
Stenroos, Soili
Johnston, Peter
Untereiner, Wendy
Summerbell, Richard C.
Sugiyama, Junta
Shoemaker, Robert A.
Rogers, Jack D.
Sipman, Harrie
O'Donnell, Kerry
Mostert, Lizel
Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, Brigitte
Kohlmeyer, Jan
Inderbitzin, Patrik
Hosaka, Kentaro
Geiser, David M.
Ertz, Damien
Diederich, Paul
Rauhut, Alexandra
Budel, Burkhard
Lucking, Robert
Lumbsch, H. Thorsten
Rossman, Amy Y.
Castlebury, Lisa A.
Griffith, Gareth W.
Hillis, David M.
Blackwell, Meredith
Suh, Sung-Oui
Aptroot, Andre
Wingfield, Michael J.
Gryzenhout, Marieka
Crous, Pedro W.
de Hoog, G. Sybren
Arzanlou, Mahdi
Groenewald, Johannes Z.
Yahr, Rebecca
Bonito, Gregory
Hodkinson, Brendan P.
Fraker, Emily
Wynns, Anja
Ciufetti, Linda
Trippe, Kristin
Andrie, Rachael M.
Gueidan, Cecile
Wang, Zheng
Kauff, Frank
Matheny, P. Brandon
Robbertse, Barbara
Hofstetter, Valerie
Miadlikowska, Jolanta
Townsend, Jeffery P.
Lopez-Giraldez, Francesc
Sung, Gi-Ho
Schoch, Conrad L.
Peterson, Kristin
Note: Order does not necessarily reflect citation order of authors.
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https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syp020Metadata
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Schoch, Conrad L., Gi-Ho Sung, Francesc López-Giráldez, Jeffrey P. Townsend, Jolanta Miadlikowska, Valérie Hofstetter, Barbara Robbertse et al. 2009. The Ascomycota tree of life: A phylum-wide phylogeny clarifies the origin and evolution of fundamental reproductive and ecological traits. Systematic Biology 58(2): 224-239Abstract
We present a 6-gene, 420-species maximum-likelihood phylogeny of Ascomycota, the largest phylum of Fungi. This analysis is the most taxonomically complete to date with species sampled from all 15 currently circumscribed classes. A number of superclass-level nodes that have previously evaded resolution and were unnamed in classifications of the Fungi are resolved for the first time. Based on the 6-gene phylogeny we conducted a phylogenetic informativeness analysis of all 6 genes and a series of ancestral character state reconstructions that focused on morphology of sporocarps, ascus dehiscence, and evolution of nutritional modes and ecologies. A gene-by-gene assessment of phylogenetic informativeness yielded higher levels of informativeness for protein genes (RPB1, RPB2, and TEF1) as compared with the ribosomal genes, which have been the standard bearer in fungal systematics. Our reconstruction of sporocarp characters is consistent with 2 origins for multicellular sexual reproductive structures in Ascomycota, once in the common ancestor of Pezizomycotina and once in the common ancestor of Neolectomycetes. This first report of dual origins of ascomycete sporocarps highlights the complicated nature of assessing homology of morphological traits across Fungi. Furthermore, ancestral reconstruction supports an open sporocarp with an exposed hymenium (apothecium) as the primitive morphology for Pezizomycotina with multiple derivations of the partially (perithecia) or completely enclosed (cleistothecia) sporocarps. Ascus dehiscence is most informative at the class level within Pezizomycotina with most superclass nodes reconstructed equivocally. Character state reconstructions support a terrestrial, saprobic ecology as ancestral. In contrast to previous studies, these analyses support multiple origins of lichenization events with the loss of lichenization as less frequent and limited to terminal, closely related species.Citable link to this page
http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:4516631
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