DIGITAL ACCESS TO

Open access is both a label and a rallying cry. As a label, it minimally refers to the removal of price barriers from digital online scholarship. Often, though not always, permission barriers are also lowered or dropped. As a rallying cry, open access signals a commitment. The Budapest Open Access Initiative, for example, calls itself “a statement of principle, a statement of strategy, and a statement of commitment.” Similarly, the Bethesda Statement on Open Access Publishing and the Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities have each made the case for open access as important, necessary, and enabling a public good. Just so with the newer Delhi Declaration on Open Access and São Paulo Statement on Open Access. Rights retention-style open access policies adopted by institutions worldwide can express commitments, too. Harvard’s policy, for instance, cites a commitment to “disseminating the fruits of its research and scholarship as widely as possible." My aim is to unify the label and the rallying cry under a single framework. In doing so, I draw on Bernard Suits’s analysis of gameplay in the philosophy of games. Although open access and its associated scholarly activities are decidedly not games, the way Suits defines ‘playing a game’ will be useful within our very different domain. Just as Suits’s definition consists of three elements, so too does the framework I propose. This three-element framework brings together the label and the rallying cry without conflating them; it demonstrates how the two senses of open access are related, while preserving their essential differences. Finally, the framework reminds us why fostering a commitment, or adopting the rallying cry, is so important: It’s not the case that open access would otherwise be too elusive or fleeting. On the contrary, the rallying cry matters precisely because the label is now so attainable, enduring, and embedded in scholarly practices. In other words, open access is ubiquitous and resilient, not rare and fragile, and a commitment keeps it in check. For the value of open access lies in the way we bring it about, not simply in our ability to apply a label to scholarship.

"Very minor" characters in Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway, who receive only a few sentences' attention before vanishing from the canvas of the novel, receive surprisingly consistent and intense depiction through free indirect speech, especially in the London street scene near the opening of the novel and the party scene near its close. Even in comparison with similar-looking scenes in Mrs. Dalloway's modernist cousin, Ulysses, Woolf's interest in narrating her very minor characters' inner lives stands out. Woolf's application of free indirect speech to individuals in large groups generates an effect related to, but different from, the more unified "social mind" Alan Palmer identifies in novelistic narration of communities, and Alex Woloch's account of very minor characters as foils, notable for their paucity of detail. Instead, Woolf emphasizes both the distance between those individual minds, and the preoccupations and misperceptions resulting in their neglect of vulnerable or marginal characters such as Septimus Smith and Ellie Henderson. Woolf found in the use of free indirect speech to depict large groups of very minor characters a peculiar narrative tool for depicting how the collective mind can lose track of those who enjoy no special status within it.

Harvard-Yenching Library is the largest academic library dedicated to East Asian studies outside of Asia. This article describes some of the archival strategies we have developed and implemented while processing our “K-Pop Fandom Collection, 1992-2024.”

Food service workers often face physically demanding work, high rates of occupational injury, job insecurity, and limited control over their working conditions. This study examined the implementation of a workplace intervention designed to improve worker safety, health, and well-being at five intervention worksites within a contract food service company. The intervention focused on improving safety and ergonomics, work intensity, and job enrichment, and was designed to engage frontline workers, site managers, and district managers in identifying and addressing opportunities for workplace change. By examining what helped and hindered implementation, the study provides broader lessons about the organizational conditions needed to translate workplace interventions into meaningful improvements in working conditions.

Technological innovation, shifting labor markets, climate pressures, demographic change, and public health disruptions are reshaping how work is structured and experienced, with important implications for worker safety, health, and well-being. The conceptual model developed by the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Center for Work, Health, and Well-being provides a systems framework for understanding these changes. It places working conditions at the center, showing how organizational policies, programs, and practices shape these conditions, while recognizing that organizations and workers are also affected by broader employment and labor patterns and social, political, and economic forces. By examining pathways across these levels, the model can guide research on how changes in the world of work affect worker health and well-being while informing organizational and policy action to design healthier jobs and working conditions.