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Krishna, Aditi

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Krishna

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Aditi

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Krishna, Aditi
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    Short-term and long-term associations between household wealth and physical growth: a cross-comparative analysis of children from four low- and middle-income countries
    (Co-Action Publishing, 2015) Krishna, Aditi; Oh, Juhwan; Lee, Jong-koo; Lee, Hwa-Young; Perkins, Jessica M.; Heo, Jongho; Ro, Young Sun; Subramanian, S.V.
    Background: Stunting, a form of anthropometric failure, disproportionately affects children in developing countries with a higher burden on children living in poverty. How early life deprivation affects physical growth over various life stages is less well-known. Objective: We investigate the short- and long-run associations between household wealth in early life with physical growth in childhood in four low- and middle-income countries to understand the persistent implications of early life conditions of poverty and resource constraints on physical growth. Design: Longitudinal study of eight cohorts of children in four countries – Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam (n=10,016) – ages 6 months to 15 years, using data from the Young Lives project, 2002–2009. Physical growth outcomes are standardized height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) and stunting. The key exposure is household wealth measured at baseline using a wealth index, an asset-based indicator. Covariates include child's age and sex, caregiver's educational status, household size, and place of residence. Results: Baseline wealth index is significantly associated with higher physical growth rates as suggested by higher HAZ and lower odds of stunting. We found these associations in all four countries, for younger and older cohorts and for children who experienced changes in living standards. For the older cohort, despite the timing of the first survey at age 7–8 years, which is beyond the critical period of 1,000 days, there are lasting influences of early poverty, even for those who experienced changes in wealth. Conclusions: Household wealth in early life matters for physical growth with conditions of poverty and deprivation influencing growth faltering even beyond the 1,000 days window. The influences of early childhood poverty, so prevalent among children in low- and middle-income countries, must be addressed by policies and programs targeting early life but also focusing on older children experiencing growth faltering.
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    Social and Intergenerational Determinants of Children’s Physical and Cognitive Development
    (2015-09-14) Krishna, Aditi; Subramanian, S.V.; Berkman, Lisa F.; Fink, Günther
    Identifying the key determinants of poor developmental outcomes is critical in improving the lives of millions of children who suffer from poor physical growth and cognitive deficits. Much research suggests that early life conditions, particularly those experienced within the household, critically influence children’s development across the life course. In this dissertation exercise, I explore how three dimensions of early experiences – prenatal conditions, parental education, and household socioeconomic conditions – influence children’s physical and cognitive development. Chapter 1 finds that the influences of low birth weight, often touted as a key determinant of later health, wane over time with increasing importance of postnatal factors. Chapter 2 also counters accepted evidence that maternal education matters more for children’s physical development by finding that both parents’ education matters equally in both infancy and childhood with no mechanisms distinguishing maternal and paternal education. Chapter 3 supports the evidence that household socioeconomic status matters for children’s cognitive development and finds that household assets are the critical determinant of cognitive status. Findings from each of these chapters will not only contribute new scientific evidence but will also help inform policies and programs to improve children’s health and well-being.