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Brady, Timothy Francis

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Brady

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Timothy Francis

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Brady, Timothy Francis
Author's Publications: search.filters.isAuthorOfPublication.071e7647-3125-475a-9352-08f7746694ee

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    Modeling Visual Working Memory with the MemToolbox
    (Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO), 2013) Suchow, Jordan; Brady, Timothy Francis; Fougnie, Daryl; Alvarez, George
    The MemToolbox is a collection of MATLAB functions for modeling visual working memory. In support of its goal to provide a full suite of data analysis tools, the toolbox includes implementations of popular models of visual working memory, real and simulated data sets, Bayesian and maximum likelihood estimation procedures for fitting models to data, visualizations of data and fit, validation routines, model comparison metrics, and experiment scripts. The MemToolbox is released under the permissive BSD license and is available at http://memtoolbox.org.
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    Visual Long-Term Memory Has the Same Limit on Fidelity as Visual Working Memory
    (SAGE Publications, 2013-05-20) Brady, Timothy Francis; Konkle, Talia; Gill, Jonathan; Oliva, Aude; Alvarez, George
    Visual long-term memory can store thousands of objects with surprising visual detail, but just how detailed are these representations, and how can one quantify this fidelity? Using the property of color as a case study, we estimated the precision of visual information in long-term memory, and compared this with the precision of the same information in working memory. Observers were shown real-world objects in random colors and were asked to recall the colors after a delay. We quantified two parameters of performance: the variability of internal representations of color (fidelity) and the probability of forgetting an object’s color altogether. Surprisingly, the fidelity of color information in long-term memory was comparable to the asymptotic precision of working memory. These results suggest that long-term memory and working memory may be constrained by a common limit, such as a bound on the fidelity required to retrieve a memory representation.
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    Real-World Objects Are Not Represented as Bound Units: Independent Forgetting of Different Object Details from Visual Memory
    (American Psychological Association, 2013-05-20) Brady, Timothy Francis; Konkle, Talia; Alvarez, George; Oliva, Aude
    Are real-world objects represented as bound units? Although a great deal of research has examined binding between the feature dimensions of simple shapes, little work has examined whether the featural properties of real-world objects are stored in a single unitary object representation. In a first experiment, we found that information about an object's color is forgotten more rapidly than the information about an object's state (e.g., open, closed), suggesting that observers do not forget objects as entirely bound units. In a second and third experiment, we examined whether state and exemplar information are forgotten separately or together. If these properties are forgotten separately, the probability of getting one feature correct should be independent of whether the other feature was correct. We found that after a short delay, observers frequently remember both state and exemplar information about the same objects, but after a longer delay, memory for the two properties becomes independent. This indicates that information about object state and exemplar are forgotten separately over time. We thus conclude that real-world objects are not represented in a single unitary representation in visual memory.