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Marty, Francisco

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Marty, Francisco

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2006 - 200912010 - 20189

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Author's Publications: search.filters.isAuthorOfPublication.08055a05-ff19-434e-8dea-d08fcb8bf27c

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 10
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    Green Herring Syndrome: Bacterial Infection in Patients With Mucormycosis Cavitary Lung Disease
    (Oxford University Press, 2014) Peixoto, Driele; Hammond, Sarah; Issa, Nicolas; Madan, Rachna; Gill, Ritu; Milner, Danny; Colson, Yolonda; Koo, Sophia; Baden, Lindsey; Marty, Francisco
    Mucormycosis is a life-threatening fungal disease in patients with hematological malignancies. The diagnosis of pulmonary mucormycosis is particularly challenging. We describe 3 mucormycosis cases with an uncommon presentation in patients whose cavitary lung disease was attributed to well documented bacterial infection, although evolution and reassessment established mucormycosis as the underlying disease.
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    Human Herpes Virus 8 in HIV-1 infected individuals receiving cancer chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation
    (Public Library of Science, 2018) Hogan, Louise E.; Hanhauser, Emily; Hobbs, Kristen S.; Palmer, Christine D.; Robles, Yvonne; Jost, Stephanie; LaCasce, Anne S.; Abramson, Jeremy; Hamdan, Ayad; Marty, Francisco; Kuritzkes, Daniel; Henrich, Timothy J.
    Background: Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV8) can cause Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS) in immunosuppressed individuals. However, little is known about the association between chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), circulating HHV8 DNA levels, and clinical KS in HIV-1-infected individuals with various malignancies. Therefore, we examined the associations between various malignancies, systemic cancer chemotherapy, T cell phenotypes, and circulating HHV8 DNA in 29 HIV-1-infected participants with concomitant KS or other cancer diagnoses. Methods: We quantified HHV8 plasma viral loads and cell-associated HHV8 DNA and determined the relationship between circulating HHV8 DNA and lymphocyte counts, and markers of early and late lymphocyte activation, proliferation and exhaustion. Results: There were no significant differences in plasma HHV8 DNA levels between baseline and post-chemotherapy time points or with the presence or absence of clinical KS. However, in two participants circulating HHV8 DNA increased following treatment for KS or HSCT for lymphoma,. We observed an approximately 2-log10 reduction in plasma HHV8 DNA in an individual with KS and multicentric Castleman disease following rituximab monotherapy. Although individuals with clinical KS had lower mean CD4+ T cell counts and percentages as expected, there were no significant associations with these factors and plasma HHV8 levels. We identified increased proportions of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells expressing CD69 (P = 0.01 & P = 0.04 respectively), and increased CD57 expression on CD4+ T cells (P = 0.003) in participants with detectable HHV8. Conclusion: These results suggest there is a complex relationship between circulating HHV8 DNA and tissue-based disease in HIV-1 and HHV8 co-infected individuals with various malignancies.
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    Invasive Fusariosis in the Voriconazole Era: Single-Center 13-Year Experience
    (Oxford University Press, 2015) Stempel, Jessica M.; Hammond, Sarah; Sutton, Deanna A.; Weiser, Linda M.; Marty, Francisco
    Background. Invasive fusariosis remains an aggressive, albeit infrequent infection in immunocompromised patients. Methods. We identified all cases of invasive fusariosis between January 2002 and December 2014. We recorded patient characteristics including clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes at 6 and 12 weeks after diagnosis, as well as species identification and antifungal drug susceptibilities. Results. Fifteen patients were diagnosed with proven (12, 80%) or probable (3, 20%) fusariosis. Median age was 60 years (range, 26–78), and 10 patients were male. Underlying conditions included hematological malignancies (13, 87%), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (1, 7%), and third-degree burns (1, 7%). Five patients underwent hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation before diagnosis. Six patients (40%) received systemic glucocorticoids, and 11 patients (73%) had prolonged neutropenia at the time of diagnosis. Clinical presentations included the following: skin/soft tissue infection (8, 53%), febrile neutropenia (4, 27%), respiratory tract infection (2, 13%), and septic arthritis (1, 7%). Twelve patients were treated with voriconazole: 6 (40%) with voriconazole alone, 4 (27%) with voriconazole and terbinafine, and 2 (13%) with voriconazole, terbinafine, and amphotericin. One patient (7%) was treated with terbinafine alone, and another with micafungin alone. Four patients underwent surgical debridement (4, 27%). Susceptibility testing was performed on 9 isolates; 8 demonstrated voriconazole minimum inhibitory concentrations ≥4 µg/mL. The cumulative probability of survival was 66.7% and 53.3% at 6 and 12 weeks after diagnosis. Conclusions. Mortality associated with invasive fusariosis remains high. Cumulative mortality at our center was lower than previous reports despite elevated voriconazole minimum inhibitory concentrations. Combination therapy should be studied systematically for fusariosis.
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    Three Patients with Full Facial Transplantation
    (New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM/MMS), 2012) Pomahac, Bohdan; Pribaz, Julian; Eriksson, Elof; Bueno, Ericka M.; Diaz-Siso, J. Rodrigo; Rybicki, Frank John; Annino, Donald James; Orgill, Dennis; Caterson, Edward; Caterson, Stephanie; Carty, Matthew; Chun, Yoon; Sampson, Christian; Janis, Jeffrey E.; Alam, Daniel S.; Saavedra, Arturo; Molnar, Joseph A.; Edrich, Thomas; Marty, Francisco; Tullius, Stefan
    Unlike conventional reconstruction, facial transplantation seeks to correct severe deformities in a single operation. We report on three patients who received full-face transplants at our institution in 2011 in operations that aimed for functional restoration by coaptation of all main available motor and sensory nerves. We enumerate the technical challenges and postoperative complications and their management, including single episodes of acute rejection in two patients. At 6 months of follow-up, all facial allografts were surviving, facial appearance and function were improved, and glucocorticoids were successfully withdrawn in all patients.
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    Molecular Methods To Improve Diagnosis and Identification of Mucormycosis
    (American Society for Microbiology, 2011) Hammond, Sarah; Bialek, Ralf; Milner, Danny; Petschnigg, Eva M.; Baden, Lindsey; Marty, Francisco
    Mucormycosis is difficult to diagnose. Samples from suspected cases often fail to grow Mucorales in microbiologic cultures. We identified all hematologic malignancy and stem cell transplant patients diagnosed with proven mucormycosis between 2001 and 2009 at Brigham and Women's Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Seminested PCR targeting Mucorales 18S ribosomal DNA and sequencing were performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples. Of 29 cases of mucormycosis, 27 had tissue samples available for PCR and sequencing. Mucorales PCR was positive in 22. Among 12 culture-positive cases, 10 were PCR positive and sequencing was concordant with culture results to the genus level in 9. Among 15 culture-negative cases, PCR was positive and sequencing allowed genus identification in 12. Mucorales PCR is useful for confirmation of the diagnosis of mucormycosis and for further characterization of the infection in cases where cultures are negative.
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    Sequence-Based Discovery of Bradyrhizobium enterica in Cord Colitis Syndrome
    (New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM/MMS), 2013) Bhatt, Ami; Freeman, Sam; Herrera, Alex Francisco; Pedamallu, Chandra Sekhar; Gevers, Dirk; Duke, Fujiko; Jung, Joonil; Michaud, Monia; Walker, Bruce; Young, Sarah; Earl, Ashlee M.; Kostic, Aleksander D.; Ojesina, Akinyemi Ifedapo; Hasserjian, Robert; Ballen, Karen Kuhn; Chen, Yi-Bin; Hobbs, Gabriela; Antin, Joseph; Soiffer, Robert; Baden, Lindsey; Garrett, Wendy; Hornick, Jason; Marty, Francisco; Meyerson, Matthew
    BACKGROUND—Immunosuppression is associated with a variety of idiopathic clinical syndromes that may have infectious causes. It has been hypothesized that the cord colitis syndrome, a complication of umbilical-cord hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, is infectious in origin. METHODS—We performed shotgun DNA sequencing on four archived, paraffin-embedded endoscopic colon-biopsy specimens obtained from two patients with cord colitis. Computational subtraction of human and known microbial sequences and assembly of residual sequences into a bacterial draft genome were performed. We used polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) assays and fluorescence in situ hybridization to determine whether the corresponding bacterium was present in additional patients and controls. RESULTS—DNA sequencing of the biopsy specimens revealed more than 2.5 million sequencing reads that did not match known organisms. These sequences were computationally assembled into a 7.65-Mb draft genome showing a high degree of homology with genomes of bacteria in the bradyrhizobium genus. The corresponding newly discovered bacterium was provisionally named Bradyrhizobium enterica. PCR identified B. enterica nucleotide sequences in biopsy specimens from all three additional patients with cord colitis whose samples were tested, whereas B. enterica sequences were absent in samples obtained from healthy controls and patients with colon cancer or graft-versus-host disease. CONCLUSIONS—We assembled a novel bacterial draft genome from the direct sequencing of tissue specimens from patients with cord colitis. Association of these sequences with cord colitis suggests that B. enterica may be an opportunistic human pathogen.
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    Meta-Analysis and Cost Comparison of Empirical versus Pre-Emptive Antifungal Strategies in Hematologic Malignancy Patients with High-Risk Febrile Neutropenia
    (Public Library of Science, 2015) Fung, Monica; Kim, Jane; Marty, Francisco; Schwarzinger, Michaël; Koo, Sophia
    Background: Invasive fungal disease (IFD) causes significant morbidity and mortality in hematologic malignancy patients with high-risk febrile neutropenia (FN). These patients therefore often receive empirical antifungal therapy. Diagnostic test-guided pre-emptive antifungal therapy has been evaluated as an alternative treatment strategy in these patients. Methods: We conducted an electronic search for literature comparing empirical versus pre-emptive antifungal strategies in FN among adult hematologic malignancy patients. We systematically reviewed 9 studies, including randomized-controlled trials, cohort studies, and feasibility studies. Random and fixed-effect models were used to generate pooled relative risk estimates of IFD detection, IFD-related mortality, overall mortality, and rates and duration of antifungal therapy. Heterogeneity was measured via Cochran’s Q test, I2 statistic, and between study τ2. Incorporating these parameters and direct costs of drugs and diagnostic testing, we constructed a comparative costing model for the two strategies. We conducted probabilistic sensitivity analysis on pooled estimates and one-way sensitivity analyses on other key parameters with uncertain estimates. Results: Nine published studies met inclusion criteria. Compared to empirical antifungal therapy, pre-emptive strategies were associated with significantly lower antifungal exposure (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.27–0.85) and duration without an increase in IFD-related mortality (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.36–1.87) or overall mortality (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.46–1.99). The pre-emptive strategy cost $324 less (95% credible interval -$291.88 to $418.65 pre-emptive compared to empirical) than the empirical approach per FN episode. However, the cost difference was influenced by relatively small changes in costs of antifungal therapy and diagnostic testing. Conclusions: Compared to empirical antifungal therapy, pre-emptive antifungal therapy in patients with high-risk FN may decrease antifungal use without increasing mortality. We demonstrate a state of economic equipoise between empirical and diagnostic-directed pre-emptive antifungal treatment strategies, influenced by small changes in cost of antifungal therapy and diagnostic testing, in the current literature. This work emphasizes the need for optimization of existing fungal diagnostic strategies, development of more efficient diagnostic strategies, and less toxic and more cost-effective antifungals.
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    Breath-Based Diagnosis of Invasive Mucormycosis (IM)
    (Oxford University Press, 2017) Koshy, Seena; Ismail, Nour; Astudillo, Carmen Leon; Haeger, Christina Mallarino; Aloum, Obadah; Acharige, Mahesh Thalavitiya; Farmakiotis, Dimitrios; Baden, Lindsey; Marty, Francisco; Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P; Fredenburgh, Laxura; Koo, Sophia
    Abstract Background: Timely diagnosis of IM remains a major challenge in clinical mycology. Because of the lack of specific diagnostic methods for IM and the frequently fulminant nature of this infection, IM-associated mortality remains high. Methods: We examined breath volatile metabolite profiles in a neutropenic murine model of IM, using the 3 Mucorales species that most commonly cause human IM - Rhizopus arrhizus var. arrhizus, R. arrhizus var. delemar, and R. microsporus - and for comparison, Aspergillus fumigatus. We infected female balb/c mice (N = 4 per group) treated with cyclophosphamide and cortisone followed by intranasal administration of 106 conidia of each species. 3 days post-infection, we collected breath samples from each mouse via tracheostomy using a flexiVent murine ventilator, examining breath volatile metabolites using thermal desorption gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). We also sampled breath prospectively from five patients eventually diagnosed with proven IM caused by R. microsporus, analyzing breath volatile metabolites using thermal desorption GC-MS/MS. Results: Each Mucorales species produced a consistent profile of breath sesquiterpene secondary metabolite VOCs in our murine models, which distinguished these species from each other and from murine invasive aspergillosis (Figure A). These fungi shifted their secondary metabolism significantly in vivo, compared with their previously characterized in vitro metabolism. We found overlapping VOC sesquiterpene metabolites between breath samples from the murine model of R. microsporus infection and 5 of 5 patients with R. microsporus IM, with additional sesquiterpene secondary metabolites detected in patient breath, compared with the murine IM model (Figure B). In one patient with serial breath samples, these sesquiterpenes declined in abundance and disappeared with antifungal therapy, in parallel with clinical improvement (Figure C). Conclusion: The three Mucorales species that cause most human IM have distinct breath sesquiterpene profiles that can be used to identify these infections in vivo noninvasively. These profiles distinguish these infections from each other and from aspergillosis, and may be useful in monitoring clinical response to treatment. Disclosures F. M. Marty, Astellas Pharma US: Consultant and Grant Investigator, Consulting fee and Grant recipient; Chimerix: Consultant and Grant Investigator, Consulting fee and Grant recipient; Fate Therapeutics: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee; Gilead Sciences: Consultant and Grant Investigator, Consulting fee and Grant recipient; LFB: Consultant, Consulting fee; Merck: Consultant, Grant Investigator and Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee and Grant recipient; Roche Molecular Systems: Consultant, Consulting fee; Shire: Consultant and Grant Investigator, Consulting fee and Grant recipient; D. P. Kontoyiannis, Pfizer: Research Contractor, Research support and Speaker honorarium; Astellas: Research Contractor, Research support and Speaker honorarium; Merck: Honorarium, Speaker honorarium; Cidara: Honorarium, Speaker honorarium; Amplyx: Honorarium, Speaker honorarium; F2G: Honorarium, Speaker honorarium
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    Transmission of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus by Organ Transplantation
    (New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM/MMS), 2006) Fischer, Staci A.; Graham, Mary Beth; Kuehnert, Matthew J.; Kotton, Camille; Srinivasan, Arjun; Marty, Francisco; Comer, James A.; Guarner, Jeannette; Paddock, Christopher D.; Demeo, Dawn; Shieh, Wun-Ju; Erickson, Bobbie R.; Bandy, Utpala; DeMaria, Alfred; Davis, Jeffrey P.; Delmonico, Francis; Pavlin, Boris; Likos, Anna; Vincent, Martin J.; Sealy, Tara K.; Goldsmith, Cynthia S.; Jernigan, Daniel B.; Rollin, Pierre E.; Packard, Michelle M.; Patel, Mitesh; Rowland, Courtney; Helfand, Rita F.; Nichol, Stuart T.; Fishman, Jay; Ksiazek, Thomas; Zaki, Sherif R.
    Background In December 2003 and April 2005, signs and symptoms suggestive of infection devel- oped in two groups of recipients of solid-organ transplants. Each cluster was inves- tigated because diagnostic evaluations were unrevealing, and in each a common do- nor was recognized. Methods We examined clinical specimens from the two donors and eight recipients, using viral culture, electron microscopy, serologic testing, molecular analysis, and histo- pathological examination with immunohistochemical staining to identify a cause. Epidemiologic investigations, including interviews, environmental assessments, and medical-record reviews, were performed to characterize clinical courses and to determine the cause of the illnesses. Results Laboratory testing revealed lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in all the recipients, with a single, unique strain of LCMV identified in each cluster. In both investigations, LCMV could not be detected in the organ donor. In the 2005 cluster, the donor had had contact in her home with a pet hamster infected with an LCMV strain identical to that detected in the organ recipients; no source of LCMV infection was found in the 2003 cluster. The transplant recipients had abdominal pain, altered mental status, thrombocytopenia, elevated aminotransferase levels, coagulopathy, graft dysfunction, and either fever or leukocytosis within three weeks after transplan- tation. Diarrhea, peri-incisional rash, renal failure, and seizures were variably present. Seven of the eight recipients died, 9 to 76 days after transplantation. One recipient, who received ribavirin and reduced levels of immunosuppressive therapy, survived. Conclusions We document two clusters of LCMV infection transmitted through organ trans- plantation.
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    Opportunistic Infections (OIs) in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies (HM) Treated with Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) and Phosphoinositide 3 Kinase (PI3K) Inhibitors: An 8-Year Retrospective Cohort Study
    (Oxford University Press, 2017) Issa, Nicolas; Arbona-Haddad, Esther; Nevett-Fernandez, Alexandra; Prestes, Daniel; Liakos, Alexis; Woolley, Ann; Hammond, Sarah; Brown, Jennifer; Baden, Lindsey; Marty, Francisco
    Abstract Background: BTK and PI3K inhibitors are increasingly used for treatment in patients with HM. OIs when these agents were used as first line therapy signaled an increased level of immunosuppression beyond what was expected from the mechanism of action of these drugs. The epidemiology of OIs in the setting of BTK and PI3K inhibitor use has not been characterized. Methods: We retrospectively studied a cohort of patients with HM who received BTK (ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, spebrutinib) or PI3K (idelalisib, duvelisib, TGR-1202) inhibitors as part of clinical trials at our center between March 2008 and November 2016. Patients were followed up until April 30, 2017. Incident infectious complications were recorded. Cohort baseline characteristics, underlying malignancy, stage of disease, type of therapy and use of antimicrobial prophylaxis were recorded. Results: 148 patients who received BTK or PI3K inhibitors as first or second line therapy were included in the study. Median age was 64.5 years, 32% were female, 95.9% had chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), 4.1 % had Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). Sixty-three percent received BTK inhibitors and 37% received PI3K inhibitors as first line therapy. Pneumocystis and HSV/VZV prophylaxis were used in 82.4% and 85.8% of patients, respectively. Twenty-seven OIs occurred in 24 patients. The most common OIs were pneumocystosis (7), aspergillosis (5) HSV (3), VZV (3), CMV (2), Cryptococcal meningitis (2), candidiasis (2) and other invasive mold infections (3). Seventy-one patients (48%) had infectious episodes not considered OIs. Median time to onset of OIs after start of therapy was 78 days (range, 6–323). Twelve OIs (8.1 %) occurred after first line therapy with BTK inhibitors, 11 OIs (7.4 %) occurred after first line PI3K inhibitors. Conclusion: The use of BTK and PI3K inhibitors as first or second line treatment of CLL or NHL are associated with incident OIs. Clinical awareness of these complications and the use of adequate prophylactic and/or monitoring strategies are essential in preventing serious OIs in this population. Disclosures J. Brown, Pharmacyclics, Janssen, Celgene, Gilead, Infinity, Genentech, and Pfizer, Roche and Sun BioPharma, Janssen, Gilead, Sun BioPharma, and Pfizer: Consultant, Consulting fee; F. Marty, Astellas Pharma US: Consultant and Grant Investigator, Consulting fee and Grant recipient; Chimerix: Consultant and Grant Investigator, Consulting fee and Grant recipient; Fate Therapeutics: Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee; Gilead Sciences: Consultant and Grant Investigator, Consulting fee and Grant recipient; LFB: Consultant, Consulting fee; Merck: Consultant, Grant Investigator and Scientific Advisor, Consulting fee and Grant recipient; Roche Molecular Systems: Consultant, Consulting fee; Shire: Consultant and Grant Investigator, Consulting fee and Grant recipient