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Passarelli, Simone

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Passarelli, Simone

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Author's Publications: search.filters.isAuthorOfPublication.089e9759-1086-4b8c-bef3-a9fb9d8cc814

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    Aquatic foods to nourish nations
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2021-09-15) Golden, Christopher; Koehn, J. Zachary; Shepon, Alon; Passarelli, Simone; Free, Christopher M.; Viana, Daniel; Matthey, Holger; Eurich, Jacob G.; Gephart, Jessica A.; Fluet-Chouinard, Etienne; Nyboer, Elizabeth A.; Lynch, Abigail J.; Kjellevold, Marian; Bromage, Sabri; Charlebois, Pierre; Barange, Manuel; Vannuccini, Stefania; Cao, Ling; Kleisner, Kristin M.; Rimm, Eric B.; Danaei, Goodarz; DeSisto, Camille; Kelahan, Heather; Fiorella, Kathryn J.; Little, David C.; Allison, Edward H.; Fanzo, Jessica; Thilsted, Shakuntala H.
    Despite contributing to healthy diets for billions of people, aquatic foods are often undervalued as a nutritional solution because their diversity is often reduced to the protein and energy value of a single food type (‘seafood’ or ‘fish’). Here we create a cohesive model that unites terrestrial foods with nearly 3,000 taxa of aquatic foods to understand the future impact of aquatic foods on human nutrition. We project two plausible futures to 2030: a baseline scenario with moderate growth in aquatic animal-source food (AASF) production, and a high-production scenario with a 15-million-tonne increased supply of AASFs over the business-as-usual scenario in 2030, driven largely by investment and innovation in aquaculture production. By comparing changes in AASF consumption between the scenarios, we elucidate geographic and demographic vulnerabilities and estimate health impacts from diet-related causes. Globally, we find that a high-production scenario will decrease AASF prices by 26% and increase their consumption, thereby reducing the consumption of red and processed meats that can lead to diet-related non-communicable diseases5,6 while also preventing approximately 166 million cases of inadequate micronutrient intake. This finding provides a broad evidentiary basis for policy makers and development stakeholders to capitalize on the potential of aquatic foods to reduce food and nutrition insecurity and tackle malnutrition in all its forms.
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    Anemia Etiology in Ethiopia: Assessment of Nutritional, Infectious Disease, and Other Risk Factors in a Population-based Cross-sectional Survey of Women, Men, and Children
    (Oxford University Press (OUP), 2021-10-14) Andersen, Christopher; Tadesse, Amare; Bromage, Sabri; Fekadu, Habtamu; Hemler, Elena; Passarelli, Simone; Spiegelman, Donna; Sudfeld, Christopher; Worku, Alemayehu; Berhane, Yemane; Fawzi, Wafaie
    Background: While the causes of anemia at an individual level (such as certain nutritional deficiencies, infections, and genetic disorders) are well defined, there is limited understanding of the relative burden of anemia attributable to each cause within populations. Objective: To estimate the proportion of anemia cases attributable to nutritional, infectious disease, and other risk factors among women, men, and children in six regions of Ethiopia. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were obtained from 2520 women of reproductive age (15–49 years), 1,044 adult men (15–49 years), and 1,528 children (6–59 months). Participants provided venous blood samples for assessment of hemoglobin concentration, ferritin, folate, vitamin B12, C-reactive protein, and malaria infection. Stool samples were collected to ascertain helminth infection status. Sociodemographic questionnaires and a 24-hour diet recall were administered. Population-weighted prevalences of anemia and risk factors were calculated. Multivariable-adjusted associations of risk factors with anemia and partial population attributable risk percentages (pPAR%) were estimated using generalized linear models. Results: Anemia prevalence was 17% (95% CI: 13%, 21%) among women, 8% (6%, 12%) among men, and 22% (19%, 26%) among children. Low serum ferritin contributed to 11% (-1%, 23%) of anemia cases among women, 9% (0%, 17%) among men, and 21% (4%, 34%) among children. The proportion of anemia attributable to low serum folate was estimated at 25% (5%, 41%) among women and 29% (11%, 43%) among men. Dietary iron intake was adequate for nearly all participants, while inadequacy was common for folate and vitamin B12. Inflammation and malaria were responsible for less than one in ten anemia cases. Conclusions: Folate deficiency, iron deficiency, and inflammation appear to be important contributors to anemia in Ethiopia. Folic acid food fortification, targeted iron interventions, and strategies to reduce infections may be considered as potential public health interventions to reduce anemia in Ethiopia.