Person:

Shay, Stephen

The G20/OECD’s multi-year campaign to combat base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) marks a critical step in the evolution of the international tax regime and the roles of institutions that guide it. This General Report for Subject 1, IFA Congress 2017, provides a snapshot of the outcomes of the BEPS project by comparing national responses to key mandates, recommendations and best practices through the end of October, 2016 based on National Reports representing the perspectives of 48 countries. These National Reports reveal that the impact of the BEPS initiative on a particular country corresponds to at least three key factors, namely: (1) the extent to which domestic law is already in substantial compliance with BEPS outcomes; (2) the degree to which implementation of BEPS outcomes appears capable of delivering positive revenue or economic results, or both, relative to a country’s experiences and perceptions prior to BEPS; and (3) the type and degree of involvement of a country in the formative stages of the initiative preceding the release of the final BEPS action plans. As BEPS continues to unfold, it is difficult to gauge the full extent to which countries in fact will adhere or defect from the rules. However, the BEPS project has witnessed the transition of global tax governance from the OECD countries exclusively to global fora. This leaves open questions regarding agenda-setting for international tax policy going forward. As we conclude this interim snapshot of the origins, standards, and responses to BEPS to date, we look to future IFA congresses for answers to these questions and a final assessment of the BEPS project.

In this foreword to International Tax Policy in a Disruptive Environment: A Special Issue, the authors provide an overview of the two-day interdisciplinary conference that took place in Munich on 14-15 December 2017, and offer a synopsis of the articles in this special edition of the Bulletin for International Taxation. The authors offer preliminary observations based on the conference and papers, including that despite its successes the BEPS Project has left unfinished business. In the face of reduced residence-based taxation of direct investment and tax competition for mobile activity and real investment, countries have yet to reach consensus on a residence-source or destination-based division of taxation rights. The international tax regime remains at a way station in coping with the disruptive forces of change.