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Brown, Steven

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Brown, Steven

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    Atmospheric Chemistry and the Biosphere: General Discussion
    (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 2017) Archibald, Alexander; Freedman, Arnold; Bejan, Lustian; Brown, Steven; Brüggemann, Martin; Carpenter, Lucy; Collins, John; Evans, Mathew; Finlayson-Pitts, Barbara; George, Christian; Hastings, Meredith; Heard, Dwayne; Hewitt, Christopher; Isaacman-VanWertz, Gabriel; Kalberer, Markus; Keutsch, Frank; Kiendler-Scharr, Astrid; Knopf, Daniel; Lelieveld, Jos; Marais, Eloise; Petzold, Andreas; Ravishankara, A.; Reid, Jonathan; Rovelli, Grazia; Scott, Catherine; Sherwen, Tomás; Shindell, Drew; Tinel, Liselotte; Unger, Nadine; Wallington, Timothy J.; Wahner, Andreas; Williams, Jonathan; Young, Timothy; Zelenyuk, Alla; Wallington, Timothy
    Lucy Carpenter opened discussion of the paper by Christian George: Your previous work has emphasised the abiotic production of VOCs from surface ocean processes, mainly from photosensitized chemistry of surfactants. Does this work indicate that decay of microbial cells is the really dominant source of these VOC-producing surfactants and photosensitizers, and if so - does this really mean this is an abiotic process? Christian George responded: As shown in our paper, VOC emissions increased drastically when the microbial cells were dying. Moreover, the highest VOC production was observed for the cellular fraction of the biofilms, i.e. intracellular material and cellular debris.
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    Observations of VOC Emissions and Photochemical Products Over US Oil- and Gas-Producing Regions Using High-Resolution H3O+ CIMS (PTR-ToF-MS)
    (Copernicus GmbH, 2017-08-16) Koss, Abigail; Yuan, Bin; Warneke, Carsten; Gilman, Jessica; Lerner, Brian; Veres, Patrick; Peischl, Jeff; Eilerman, Scott; Wild, Robert; Brown, Steven; Thompson, Chelsea; Ryerson, Thomas; Hanisco, Thomas; Wolfe, Glenn; St. Clair, Jason; Thayer, Mitchell; Keutsch, Frank; Murphy, Shane; de Gouw, Joost
    Abstract. VOCs related to oil and gas extraction operations in the United States were measured by H3O+ chemical ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (H3O+ ToF-CIMS/PTR-ToF-MS) from aircraft during the Shale Oil and Natural Gas Nexus (SONGNEX) campaign in March–April 2015. This work presents an overview of major VOC species measured in nine oil- and gas-producing regions, and a more detailed analysis of H3O+ ToF-CIMS measurements in the Permian Basin within Texas and New Mexico. Mass spectra are dominated by small photochemically produced oxygenates and compounds typically found in crude oil: aromatics, cyclic alkanes, and alkanes. Mixing ratios of aromatics were frequently as high as those measured downwind of large urban areas. In the Permian, the H3O+ ToF-CIMS measured a number of underexplored or previously unreported species, including aromatic and cycloalkane oxidation products, nitrogen heterocycles including pyrrole (C4H5N) and pyrroline (C4H7N), H2S, and a diamondoid (adamantane) or unusual monoterpene. We additionally assess the specificity of a number of ion masses resulting from H3O+ ion chemistry previously reported in the literature, including several new or alternate interpretations.