Person: Mainero, Caterina
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Mainero
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Caterina
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Mainero, Caterina
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Publication The association between intra- and juxta-cortical pathology and cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis by quantitative T2* mapping at 7 T MRI(Elsevier, 2016) Louapre, Céline; Govindarajan, Sindhuja T.; Giannì, Costanza; Madigan, Nancy; Nielsen, A. Scott; Sloane, Jacob; Kinkel, Revere P.; Mainero, CaterinaUsing quantitative T2* at 7 Tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated whether impairment in selective cognitive functions in multiple sclerosis (MS) can be explained by pathology in specific areas and/or layers of the cortex. Thirty-one MS patients underwent neuropsychological evaluation, acquisition of 7 T multi-echo T2* gradient-echo sequences, and 3 T anatomical images for cortical surfaces reconstruction. Seventeen age-matched healthy subjects served as controls. Cortical T2* maps were sampled at various depths throughout the cortex and juxtacortex. Relation between T2*, neuropsychological scores and a cognitive index (CI), calculated from a principal component analysis on the whole battery, was tested by a general linear model. Cognitive impairment correlated with T2* increase, independently from white matter lesions and cortical thickness, in cortical areas highly relevant for cognition belonging to the default-mode network (p < 0.05 corrected). Dysfunction in different cognitive functions correlated with longer T2* in selective cortical regions, most of which showed longer T2* relative to controls. For most tests, this association was strongest in deeper cortical layers. Executive dysfunction, however, was mainly related with pathology in juxtameningeal cortex. T2* explained up to 20% of the variance of the CI, independently of conventional imaging metrics (adjusted-R2: 52–67%, p < 5.10− 4). Location of pathology across the cortical width and mantle showed selective correlation with impairment in differing cognitive domains. These findings may guide studies at lower field strength designed to develop surrogate markers of cognitive impairment in MS.Publication The missing link: Enhanced functional connectivity between amygdala and visceroceptive cortex in migraine(SAGE Publications, 2013) Hadjikhani, Nouchine; Ward, Noreen; Boshyan, Jasmine; Napadow, Vitaly; Maeda, Yumi; Truini, Andrea; Caramia, Francesca; Tinelli, Emanuele; Mainero, CaterinaBackground Migraine is a neurovascular disorder, in which altered functional connectivity between pain-modulating circuits and the limbic system may play a role. Cortical spreading depression (CSD), which underlies migraine aura induces C-fos expression in the amygdala. The role of CSD, and amygdala connectivity, in migraine without aura (MwoA) is less clear and may differentiate migraine from other chronic pain disorders. Results Amygdala connectivity in both migraine with aura (MWA) and MWoA was increased to the visceroceptive insula relative to healthy subjects and two other chronic pain conditions not associated with CSD: trigeminal neuralgia (TGN) and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Conclusion The observed increased connectivity within the limbic/viscerosensory network, present only in migraineurs, adds to the evidence of a neurolimbic pain network dysfunction, and may reflect repetitive episodes of CSD leading to the development of migraine pain.Publication Brain Atrophy as a Measure of Neuroprotective Drug Effects in Multiple Sclerosis: Influence of Inflammation(Frontiers Media S.A., 2016) Koudriavtseva, Tatiana; Mainero, CaterinaPublication Quantitative Oxygen Extraction Fraction from 7-Tesla MRI Phase: Reproducibility and Application in Multiple Sclerosis(SAGE Publications, 2014-10-29) Fan, Audrey P.; Govindarajan, Sindhuja T.; Kinkel, R. Phillip; Madigan, Nancy K.; Nielsen, A. Scott; Benner, Thomas; Tinelli, Emanuele; Rosen, Bruce; Adalsteinsson, Elfar; Mainero, CaterinaQuantitative oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) in cortical veins was studied in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy subjects via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phase images at 7 Tesla (7 T). Flow-compensated, three-dimensional gradient-echo scans were acquired for absolute OEF quantification in 23 patients with MS and 14 age-matched controls. In patients, we collected T2*-weighted images for characterization of white matter, deep gray matter, and cortical lesions, and also assessed cognitive function. Variability of OEF across readers and scan sessions was evaluated in a subset of volunteers. OEF was averaged from 2 to 3 pial veins in the sensorimotor, parietal, and prefrontal cortical regions for each subject (total of ~10 vessels). We observed good reproducibility of mean OEF, with intraobserver coefficient of variation (COV)=2.1%, interobserver COV=5.2%, and scan–rescan COV=5.9%. Patients exhibited a 3.4% reduction in cortical OEF relative to controls (P=0.0025), which was not different across brain regions. Although oxygenation did not relate with measures of structural tissue damage, mean OEF correlated with a global measure of information processing speed. These findings suggest that cortical OEF from 7-T MRI phase is a reproducible metabolic biomarker that may be sensitive to different pathologic processes than structural MRI in patients with MS.Publication Demyelinating and Thrombotic Diseases of the Central Nervous System: Common Pathogenic and Triggering Factors(Frontiers Media S.A., 2015) Koudriavtseva, Tatiana; Renna, Rosaria; Plantone, Domenico; Mainero, CaterinaPublication Imaging of glia activation in people with primary lateral sclerosis(Elsevier, 2017) Paganoni, Sabrina; Alshikho, Mohamad; Zürcher, Nicole R.; Cernasov, Paul; Babu, Suma; Loggia, Marco; Chan, James; Chonde, Daniel B.; Garcia, David Izquierdo; Catana, Ciprian; Mainero, Caterina; Rosen, Bruce; Cudkowicz, Merit; Hooker, Jacob; Atassi, NazemBackground: Glia activation is thought to contribute to neuronal damage in several neurodegenerative diseases based on preclinical and human post-mortem studies, but its role in primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is unknown. Objectives: To localize and measure glia activation in people with PLS compared to healthy controls (HC). Methods: Ten participants with PLS and ten age-matched HCs underwent simultaneous magnetic resonance (MR) and proton emission tomography (PET). The radiotracer [11C]-PBR28 was used to obtain PET-based measures of 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) expression, a marker of activated glial cells. MR techniques included a structural sequence to measure cortical thickness and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to assess white matter integrity. Results: PET data showed increased [11C]-PBR28 uptake in anatomically-relevant motor regions which co-localized with areas of regional gray matter atrophy and decreased subcortical fractional anisotropy. Conclusions: This study supports a link between glia activation and neuronal degeneration in PLS, and suggests that these disease mechanisms can be measured in vivo in PLS. Future studies are needed to determine the longitudinal changes of these imaging measures and to clarify if MR-PET with [11C]-PBR28 can be used as a biomarker for drug development in the context of clinical trials for PLS.