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Bol, Peter

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Bol, Peter

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Author's Publications: search.filters.isAuthorOfPublication.2c27d1ff-7462-4820-8d39-fafc6e83d2b9

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    Quantitative historical analysis uncovers a single dimension of complexity that structures global variation in human social organization
    (National Academy of Sciences, 2018) Turchin, Peter; Currie, Thomas E.; Whitehouse, Harvey; François, Pieter; Feeney, Kevin; Mullins, Daniel; Hoyer, Daniel; Collins, Christina; Grohmann, Stephanie; Savage, Patrick; Mendel-Gleason, Gavin; Turner, Edward; Dupeyron, Agathe; Cioni, Enrico; Reddish, Jenny; Levine, Jill; Jordan, Greine; Brandl, Eva; Williams, Alice; Cesaretti, Rudolf; Krueger, Marta; Ceccarelli, Alessandro; Figliulo-Rosswurm, Joe; Tuan, Po-Ju; Peregrine, Peter; Marciniak, Arkadiusz; Preiser-Kapeller, Johannes; Kradin, Nikolay; Korotayev, Andrey; Palmisano, Alessio; Baker, David; Bidmead, Julye; Bol, Peter; Christian, David; Cook, Connie; Covey, Alan; Feinman, Gary; Júlíusson, Árni Daníel; Kristinsson, Axel; Miksic, John; Mostern, Ruth; Petrie, Cameron; Rudiak-Gould, Peter; ter Haar, Barend; Wallace, Vesna; Mair, Victor; Xie, Liye; Baines, John; Bridges, Elizabeth; Manning, Joseph; Lockhart, Bruce; Bogaard, Amy; Spencer, Charles
    Do human societies from around the world exhibit similarities in the way that they are structured, and show commonalities in the ways that they have evolved? These are long-standing questions that have proven difficult to answer. To test between competing hypotheses, we constructed a massive repository of historical and archaeological information known as “Seshat: Global History Databank.” We systematically coded data on 414 societies from 30 regions around the world spanning the last 10,000 years. We were able to capture information on 51 variables reflecting nine characteristics of human societies, such as social scale, economy, features of governance, and information systems. Our analyses revealed that these different characteristics show strong relationships with each other and that a single principal component captures around three-quarters of the observed variation. Furthermore, we found that different characteristics of social complexity are highly predictable across different world regions. These results suggest that key aspects of social organization are functionally related and do indeed coevolve in predictable ways. Our findings highlight the power of the sciences and humanities working together to rigorously test hypotheses about general rules that may have shaped human history.
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    On the Cyberinfrastructure for GIS-Enabled Historiography
    (Informa UK Limited, 2013) Bol, Peter
    From a historian's perspective, the use of GIScience and technology in the study of history holds the promise of an integration of historical and geographic modes of analysis. The national geographic information systems (GIS) that provide extensive coverage of changes in administrative structures over time provide important support for GIS-enabled historiography. Other parts of the cyberinfrastructure necessary to support collaborative research in a digital environment are now beginning to emerge, but a world-historical gazetteer, an essential tool for linking historical data to mapped places, has yet to be developed. 就史学者的角度而言, 在历史研究中运用地理信息科学与技术, 具有整合历史与地理分析模式的前景。全国地理信息系统 (GIS) 广泛地包覆了行政结构随着时间的变迁, 为由地理信息系统促成的历史地理学提供了重要的支援。信息基础建设中, 支援在数码环境中合作研究的其他必要部分目前正逐渐浮现, 但全球性的历史地名词典——一个将历史数据连结至已绘製于地图上之地方的必要工具——仍然尚未建立。 Desde la perspectiva del historiador, el uso de SIGciencia y tecnología en el estudio de la historia es algo prometedor para la integración de los modos de análisis históricos y geográficos. Los sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) nacionales que dan amplia cobertura a los cambios que ocurren a través del tiempo en las estructuras administrativas, proveen apoyo importante a la historiografía en la que los SIG han sido protagónicos. Otras partes de la ciber-infraestructura que se requiere para la investigación colaborativa en un entorno digital están ahora empezando a aparecer, aunque un diccionario histórico-geográfico mundial—herramienta esencial para enlazar los datos históricos con los lugares cartografiados—todavía está por realizarse.
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    Reconstituting the Order of Things in Northern and Southern Song
    (Cambridge University Press, 2015) Bol, Peter
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    Editorial
    (Informa UK Limited, 2015) Cresswell, Timothy J; Dixon, Deborah P.; Bol, Peter; Entrikin, J. Nicholas
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    Mapping China's History
    (University of Minnesota Press, 2016) Bol, Peter
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    The Multiple Layers of the Local: A Geographical-Historical Approach to Defining the Local
    (2004) Bol, Peter
    Using local history to contest the discourse of the national history of China is problematic since the historical record treats localities in terms of administrative units, Nevertheless there was also a view of national history that began from physical rather than administrative geography. In addition localities shared social, economic and cultural networks that were trans-local. The China Historical GIS provides a means to study the national from the perspective of the history of localities.
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    The Reconstruction of Local Identity: Jinhua fu 金華府 1480-1578
    Bol, Peter
    The sharp differences between the Jinhua prefectural gazetteers of 1480 and 1578 are evidence of a change in authorship from government officials to local literati and of changing attitudes. Their contents also show that a a major economic revival had been taking place. Particular attention is given to changes in biography, both in the contents of the gazetteers and in the numerous collections of biographies and literary anthologies published by local officials and scholars. By the end of the Ming dynasty the latter works reveal a split between traditional Neo-Confucianism, the new school of Wang Yangming, and those who had turned away from Neo-Confucianism.
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    On Shao Yong’s Method for Observing Things
    (2015-08-07) Bol, Peter
    Abstract: Shao Yong’s “Inner Chapters on Observing Things” develops a method for understanding the unity of heaven and man, tracing the decline of civilization from antiquity, and determining how the present can return to the ideal socio-political order of antiquity. Shao’s method is based on dividing any topic into fours aspects (for example, four Classics, four seasons, four kinds of rulers, etc.) and generating the systematic relations between these four member sets. Although Shao’s method was unusual at the time, the questions he was addressing were shared with mid-eleventh statecraft thinkers.
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    Harvard Revisited: Geography's Return as GIS
    (Taylor & Francis, 2009) Guan, Wendy; Bol, Peter