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Wu, Tao

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Wu

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Tao

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Wu, Tao

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2014 - 20183

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Author's Publications: search.filters.isAuthorOfPublication.2df06f37-13b7-4c07-a647-738dd1ac7140

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    Clinical Translation of Tethered Confocal Microscopy Capsule for Unsedated Diagnosis of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
    (Nature Publishing Group UK, 2018) Tabatabaei, Nima; Kang, DongKyun; Kim, Minkyu; Wu, Tao; Grant, Catriona N.; Rosenberg, Mireille; Nishioka, Norman; Hesterberg, Paul; Garber, John; Yuan, Qian; Katz, Aubrey; Tearney, Guillermo
    Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a widely used procedure, posing significant financial burden on both healthcare systems and patients. Moreover, EGD is time consuming, sometimes difficult to tolerate, and suffers from an imperfect diagnostic yield as the limited number of collected biopsies does not represent the whole organ. In this paper, we report on technological and clinical feasibility of a swallowable tethered endomicroscopy capsule, which is administered without sedation, to image large regions of esophageal and gastric mucosa at the cellular level. To demonstrate imaging capabilities, we conducted a human pilot study (n = 17) on Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) patients and healthy volunteers from which representative cases are presented and discussed. Results indicate that, compared to endoscopic biopsy, unsedated tethered capsule endomicroscopy obtains orders of magnitude more cellular information while successfully resolving characteristic tissue microscopic features such as stratified squamous epithelium, lamina propria papillae, intraepithelial eosinophils, and gastric cardia and body/fundic mucosa epithelia. Based on the major import of whole organ, cellular-level microscopy to obviate sampling error and the clear cost and convenience advantages of unsedated procedure, we believe that this tool has the potential to become a simpler and more effective device for diagnosing and monitoring the therapeutic response of EoE and other esophageal diseases.
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    The master cell cycle regulator APC-Cdc20 regulates ciliary length and disassembly of the primary cilium
    (eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd, 2014) Wang, Weiping; Wu, Tao; Kirschner, Marc
    The primary cilium has an important role in signaling; defects in structure are associated with a variety of human diseases. Much of the most basic biology of this organelle is poorly understood, even basic mechanisms, such as control of growth and resorption. We show that the activity of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), an E3 that regulates the onset of anaphase, destabilizes axonemal microtubules in the primary cilium. Furthermore, the metaphase APC co-activator, Cdc20, is specifically recruited to the basal body of primary cilia. Inhibition of APC-Cdc20 activity increases the ciliary length, while overexpression of Cdc20 suppresses cilium formation. APC-Cdc20 activity is required for the timely resorption of the cilium after serum stimulation. In addition, APC regulates the stability of axonemal microtubules through targeting Nek1, the ciliary kinase, for proteolysis. These data demonstrate a novel function of APC beyond cell cycle control and implicate critical role of ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis in ciliary disassembly. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03083.001
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    Comprehensive confocal endomicroscopy of the esophagus in vivo
    (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2014) Kang, Dongkyun; Schlachter, Simon C.; Carruth, Robert W.; Kim, Minkyu; Wu, Tao; Tabatabaei, Nima; Vacas-Jacques, Paulino; Shishkov, Milen; Woods, Kevin; Sauk, Jenny S.; Leung, John; Nishioka, Norman; Tearney, Guillermo
    Background and study aims: Biopsy sampling error can be a problem for the diagnosis of certain gastrointestinal tract diseases. Spectrally-encoded confocal microscopy (SECM) is a high-speed reflectance confocal microscopy technology that has the potential to overcome sampling error by imaging large regions of gastrointestinal tract tissues. The aim of this study was to test a recently developed SECM endoscopic probe for comprehensively imaging large segments of the esophagus at the microscopic level in vivo. Methods: Topical acetic acid was endoscopically applied to the esophagus of a normal living swine. The 7 mm diameter SECM endoscopic probe was transorally introduced into the esophagus over a wire. Optics within the SECM probe were helically scanned over a 5 cm length of the esophagus. Confocal microscopy data was displayed and stored in real time. Results: Very large confocal microscopy images (length = 5 cm; circumference = 2.2 cm) of swine esophagus from three imaging depths, spanning a total area of 33 cm2, were obtained in about 2 minutes. SECM images enabled the visualization of cellular morphology of the swine esophagus, including stratified squamous cell nuclei, basal cells, and collagen within the lamina propria. Conclusions: The results from this study suggest that the SECM technology can rapidly provide large, contiguous confocal microscopy images of the esophagus in vivo. When applied to human subjects, the unique comprehensive, microscopic imaging capabilities of this technology may be utilized for improving the screening and surveillance of various esophageal diseases.