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Stewardson, Kristin

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Stewardson

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Kristin

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Stewardson, Kristin

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2016 - 201952020 - 20233

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    A Genetic History of the Pre-Contact Caribbean
    (Springer Nature, 2020-12-23) Fernandes, Daniel M.; Sirak, Kendra; Ringbauer, Harald; Sedig, Jakob; Rohland-Pinello, Nadin; Cheronet, Olivia; Mah, Matthew; Mallick, Swapan; Olalde, Inigo; Culleton, Brendan J.; Adamski, Nicole; Bernardos, Rebecca; Bravo, Guillermo; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Callan, Kimberly; Candilio, Francesca; Demetz, Lea; Carlson, Kellie; Eccles, Laurie; Freilich, Suzanne; George, Richard J.; Lawson, Ann Marie; Mandl, Kirsten; Marzaioli, Fabio; McCool, Weston C.; Oppenheimer, Jonas; Özdogan, Kadir T.; Schattke, Constanze; Schmidt, Ryan; Stewardson, Kristin; Terrasi, Filippo; Zalzala, Fatma; Antúnez, Carlos Arredondo; Canosa, Ercilio Vento; Colten, Roger; Cucina, Andrea; Genchi, Francesco; Kraan, Claudia; La Pastina, Francesco; Lucci, Michaela; Maggiolo, Marcio Veloz; Marcheco-Teruel, Beatriz; Maria, Clenis Tavarez; Martínez, Christian; París, Ingeborg; Pateman, Michael; Simms, Tanya; Sivoli, Carlos Garcia; Vilar, Miguel; Kennett, Douglas J.; Keegan, William; Coppa, Alfredo; Lipson, Mark; Pinhasi, Ron; Reich, David
    Humans settled the Caribbean ~6,000 years ago, with ceramic use and intensified agriculture marking a shift from the Archaic to the Ceramic Age ~2,500 years ago. We report genome-wide data from 174 individuals from The Bahamas, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Curaçao, and Venezuela co-analyzed with published data. Archaic Age Caribbean people derive from a deeply divergent population closest to Central and northern South Americans; contrary to previous work, we find no support for ancestry contributed by a population related to North Americans. Archaic lineages were >98% replaced by a genetically homogeneous ceramic-using population related to Arawak-speakers from northeast South America who moved through the Lesser Antilles and into the Greater Antilles at least 1,700 years ago, introducing ancestry that is still present. Ancient Caribbean people avoided close kin unions despite limited mate pools reflecting small effective population sizes which we estimate to be a minimum of Ne=500-1500 and a maximum of Ne=1530-8150 on the combined islands of Puerto Rico and Hispaniola in the dozens of generations before the analyzed individuals lived. Census sizes are unlikely to be more than ten-fold larger than effective population sizes, so previous estimates of hundreds of thousands of people are too large. Confirming a small, interconnected Ceramic Age population, we detect 19 pairs of cross-island cousins, close relatives ~75 kilometers apart in Hispaniola, and low genetic differentiation across islands. Genetic continuity across transitions in pottery styles reveals that cultural changes during the Ceramic Age were not driven by migration of genetically-differentiated groups from the mainland but instead reflected interactions within an interconnected Caribbean world.
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    Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East
    (2016) Lazaridis, Iosif; Nadel, Dani; Rollefson, Gary; Merrett, Deborah C.; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Fernandes, Daniel; Novak, Mario; Gamarra, Beatriz; Sirak, Kendra; Connell, Sarah; Stewardson, Kristin; Harney, Eadaoin; Fu, Qiaomei; Gonzalez-Fortes, Gloria; Jones, Eppie R.; Roodenberg, Songül Alpaslan; Lengyel, György; Bocquentin, Fanny; Gasparian, Boris; Monge, Janet M.; Gregg, Michael; Eshed, Vered; Mizrahi, Ahuva-Sivan; Meiklejohn, Christopher; Gerritsen, Fokke; Bejenaru, Luminita; Blüher, Matthias; Campbell, Archie; Cavalleri, Gianpiero; Comas, David; Froguel, Philippe; Gilbert, Edmund; Kerr, Shona M.; Kovacs, Peter; Krause, Johannes; McGettigan, Darren; Merrigan, Michael; Merriwether, D. Andrew; O'Reilly, Seamus; Richards, Martin B.; Semino, Ornella; Shamoon-Pour, Michel; Stefanescu, Gheorghe; Stumvoll, Michael; Tönjes, Anke; Torroni, Antonio; Wilson, James F.; Yengo, Loic; Hovhannisyan, Nelli A.; Patterson, Nick; Pinhasi, Ron; Reich, David
    We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 44 ancient Near Easterners ranging in time between ~12,000-1,400 BCE, from Natufian hunter-gatherers to Bronze Age farmers. We show that the earliest populations of the Near East derived around half their ancestry from a ‘Basal Eurasian’ lineage that had little if any Neanderthal admixture and that separated from other non-African lineages prior to their separation from each other. The first farmers of the southern Levant (Israel and Jordan) and Zagros Mountains (Iran) were strongly genetically differentiated, and each descended from local hunter-gatherers. By the time of the Bronze Age, these two populations and Anatolian-related farmers had mixed with each other and with the hunter-gatherers of Europe to drastically reduce genetic differentiation. The impact of the Near Eastern farmers extended beyond the Near East: farmers related to those of Anatolia spread westward into Europe; farmers related to those of the Levant spread southward into East Africa; farmers related to those from Iran spread northward into the Eurasian steppe; and people related to both the early farmers of Iran and to the pastoralists of the Eurasian steppe spread eastward into South Asia.
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    Parallel paleogenomic transects reveal complex genetic history of early European farmers
    (2017) Lipson, Mark; Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna; Mallick, Swapan; Pósa, Annamária; Stégmár, Balázs; Keerl, Victoria; Rohland-Pinello, Nadin; Stewardson, Kristin; Ferry, Matthew; Michel, Megan; Oppenheimer, Jonas; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Harney, Eadaoin; Nordenfelt, Susanne; Llamas, Bastien; Mende, Balázs Gusztáv; Köhler, Kitti; Oross, Krisztián; Bondár, Mária; Marton, Tibor; Osztás, Anett; Jakucs, János; Paluch, Tibor; Horváth, Ferenc; Csengeri, Piroska; Koós, Judit; Sebők, Katalin; Anders, Alexandra; Raczky, Pál; Regenye, Judit; Barna, Judit P.; Fábián, Szilvia; Serlegi, Gábor; Toldi, Zoltán; Nagy, Emese Gyöngyvér; Dani, János; Molnár, Erika; Pálfi, György; Márk, László; Melegh, Béla; Bánfai, Zsolt; Domboróczki, László; Fernández-Eraso, Javier; Mujika-Alustiza, José Antonio; Fernández, Carmen Alonso; Echevarría, Javier Jiménez; Bollongino, Ruth; Orschiedt, Jörg; Schierhold, Kerstin; Meller, Harald; Cooper, Alan; Burger, Joachim; Bánffy, Eszter; Alt, Kurt W.; Lalueza-Fox, Carles; Haak, Wolfgang; Reich, David
    Ancient DNA studies have established that Neolithic European populations were descended from Anatolian migrants1–8 who received a limited amount of admixture from resident hunter-gatherers3–5,9. Many open questions remain, however, about the spatial and temporal dynamics of population interactions and admixture during the Neolithic period. Using the highest-resolution genome-wide ancient DNA data set assembled to date—a total of 180 samples, 130 newly reported here, from the Neolithic and Chalcolithic of Hungary (6000–2900 BCE, n = 100), Germany (5500–3000 BCE, n = 42), and Spain (5500–2200 BCE, n = 38)—we investigate the population dynamics of Neolithization across Europe. We find that genetic diversity was shaped predominantly by local processes, with varied sources and proportions of hunter-gatherer ancestry among the three regions and through time. Admixture between groups with different ancestry profiles was pervasive and resulted in observable population transformation across almost all cultural transitions. Our results shed new light on the ways that gene flow reshaped European populations throughout the Neolithic period and demonstrate the potential of time-series-based sampling and modeling approaches to elucidate multiple dimensions of historical population interactions.
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    Genetic origins of the Minoans and Mycenaeans
    (2017) Lazaridis, Iosif; Mittnik, Alissa; Patterson, Nick; Mallick, Swapan; Rohland, Nadin; Pfrengle, Saskia; Furtwängler, Anja; Peltzer, Alexander; Posth, Cosimo; Vasilakis, Andonis; McGeorge, P.J.P.; Konsolaki-Yannopoulou, Eleni; Korres, George; Martlew, Holley; Michalodimitrakis, Manolis; Özsait, Mehmet; Özsait, Nesrin; Papathanasiou, Anastasia; Richards, Michael; Roodenberg, Songül Alpaslan; Tzedakis, Yannis; Arnott, Robert; Fernandes, Daniel M.; Hughey, Jeffery R.; Lotakis, Dimitra M.; Navas, Patrick A.; Maniatis, Yannis; Stamatoyannopoulos, John A.; Stewardson, Kristin; Stockhammer, Philipp; Pinhasi, Ron; Reich, David; Krause, Johannes; Stamatoyannopoulos, George
    The origins of the Bronze Age Minoan and Mycenaean cultures have puzzled archaeologists for more than a century. We assembled genome-wide data from nineteen ancient individuals, including Minoans from Crete, Mycenaeans from mainland Greece, and their eastern neighbours from southwestern Anatolia. We show that Minoans and Mycenaeans were genetically similar, having at least three quarters of their ancestry from the first Neolithic farmers of western Anatolia and the Aegean1,2, and most of the remainder from ancient populations like those of the Caucasus3 and Iran4,5. However, the Mycenaeans differed from Minoans in deriving additional ancestry from an ultimate source related to the hunter-gatherers of eastern Europe and Siberia6–8, introduced via a proximal source related to either the inhabitants of either the Eurasian steppe1,6,9 or Armenia4,9. Modern Greeks resemble the Mycenaeans, but with some additional dilution of the early Neolithic ancestry. Our results support the idea of continuity but not isolation in the history of populations of the Aegean, before and after the time of its earliest civilizations.
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    Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians
    (2016) Mathieson, Iain; Lazaridis, Iosif; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Patterson, Nick; Roodenberg, Songül Alpaslan; Harney, Eadaoin; Stewardson, Kristin; Fernandes, Daniel; Novak, Mario; Sirak, Kendra; Gamba, Cristina; Jones, Eppie R.; Llamas, Bastien; Dryomov, Stanislav; Pickrel, Joseph; Arsuaga, Juan Luís; de Castro, José María Bermúdez; Carbonell, Eudald; Gerritsen, Fokke; Khokhlov, Aleksandr; Kuznetsov, Pavel; Lozano, Marina; Meller, Harald; Mochalov, Oleg; Moiseyev, Vayacheslav; Rojo Guerra, Manuel A.; Roodenberg, Jacob; Vergès, Josep Maria; Krause, Johannes; Cooper, Alan; Alt, Kurt W.; Brown, Dorcas; Anthony, David; Lalueza-Fox, Carles; Haak, Wolfgang; Pinhasi, Ron; Reich, David
    Ancient DNA makes it possible to directly witness natural selection by analyzing samples from populations before, during and after adaptation events. Here we report the first scan for selection using ancient DNA, capitalizing on the largest genome-wide dataset yet assembled: 230 West Eurasians dating to between 6500 and 1000 BCE, including 163 with newly reported data. The new samples include the first genome-wide data from the Anatolian Neolithic culture whose genetic material we extracted from the DNA-rich petrous bone and who we show were members of the population that was the source of Europe’s first farmers. We also report a complete transect of the steppe region in Samara between 5500 and 1200 BCE that allows us to recognize admixture from at least two external sources into steppe populations during this period. We detect selection at loci associated with diet, pigmentation and immunity, and two independent episodes of selection on height.
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    Entwined African and Asian Genetic Roots of Medieval Peoples of the Swahili Coast
    (SpringerNature, 2023-03-29) Brielle, Esther; Fleisher, Jeffrey; Wynne-Jones, Stephanie; Sirak, Kendra; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Callan, Kimberly; Curtis, Elizabeth; Iliev, Lora; Lawson, Ann; Oppenheimer, Jonas; Qiu, Lijun; Stewardson, Kristin; Workman, James; Zalzala, Fatma; Ayodo, George; Gidna, Agness; Kabiru, Angela; Kwekason, Amandus; Mabulla, Audax Z. P.; Manthi, Fredrick; Ndiema, Emmanuel; Ogola, Christine; Sawchuk, Elizabeth; Al-Gazali, Lihadh; Ali, Bassam; Ben-Salem, Salem; Letellier, Thierry; Pierron, Denis; Radimilahy, Chantal; Rakotoarisoa, Jean-Aimé; Raaum, Ryan L.; Culleton, Brendan J.; Mallick, Swapan; Rohland-Pinello, Nadin; Patterson, Nick; Mwenje, Mohammed Ali; Ahmed, Khalfan Bini; Mohamed, Mohamed Mchulla; Williams, Sloan R.; Monge, Janet M.; Kusimba, Sibel; Prendergast, Mary; Reich, David; Kusimba, Chapurukha
    The urban peoples of the Swahili coast traded across eastern Africa and the Indian Ocean and were among the first sub-Saharan practitioners of Islam [1, 2]. The extent to which these early interactions between Africans and non-Africans were accompanied by genetic exchange remains unknown. We report ancient DNA data for 80 individuals from six medieval and early modern (1250-1800 CE) coastal towns and an inland town postdating 1650 CE. Many coastal individuals had over half their DNA from primarily female African ancestors, with large proportions and occasionally more than half from Asian ancestors. The Asian ancestry included both Persian and Indian-associated components, with eighty to ninety percent from Persian males. Peoples of African and Asian origins began to mix by about 1000 CE, coinciding with large-scale adoption of Islam. Before about 1500 CE, the Southwest Asian ancestry was mainly Persian-related, consistent with the narrative of the Kilwa Chronicle, the oldest history told by people of the Swahili coast [3]. After this time, the sources became increasingly Arabian, consistent with evidence of growing interactions with southern Arabia [4]. Subsequent interactions with Asians and Africans further changed the ancestry of Swahili coast people relative to the medieval individuals whose DNA we sequenced.
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    Large-Scale Migration into Britain During the Middle to Late Bronze Age
    (SpringerNature, 2021-12-22) Patterson, Nicholas; Isakov, Michael; Booth, Thomas; Büster, Lindsey; Fischer, Claire-Elise; Olalde, Inigo; Ringbauer, Harald; Akbari, Ali; Cheronet, Olivia; Bleasdale, Madeleine; Adamski, Nicole; Altena, Eveline; Bernardos, Rebecca; Brace, Selina; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Callan, Kimberly; Candilio, Francesca; Culleton, Brendan; Curtis, Elizabeth; Demetz, Lea; Carlson, Kellie; Edwards, C.; Fernandes, Daniel M.; Foody, M. George B.; Freilich, Suzanne; Goodchild, Helen; Kearns, Aisling; Lawson, Ann Marie; Lazaridis, Iosif; Mah, Matthew; Mallick, Swapan; Mandl, Kirsten; Micco, Adam; Michel, Megan; Morante, Guillermo Bravo; Oppenheimer, Jonas; Özdoğan, Kadir Toykan; Qiu, Lijun; Schattke, Constanze; Stewardson, Kristin; Workman, James; Zalzala, Fatma; Zhang, Zhao; Agustí, Bibiana; Allen, Tim; Almássy, Katalin; Amkreutz, Luc; Ash, Abigail; Baillif-Ducros, Christèle; Barclay, Alistair; Bartosiewicz, László; Baxter, Katherine; Bernert, Zsolt; Blažek, Jan; Bodružić, Mario; Boissinot, Philippe; Bonsall, Clive; Bradley, Pippa; Brittain, Marcus; Brookes, Alison; Brown, Fraser; Brown, Lisa; Budd, Chelsea; Burmaz, Josip; Canet, Sylvain; Carnicero-Cáceres, Silvia; Čaušević-Bully, Morana; Chamberlain, Andrew; Chauvin, Sébastien; Clough, Sharon; Čondić, Natalija; Coppa, Alfredo; Craig, Oliver; Črešnar, Matija; Cummings, Vicki; Czifra, Szabolcs; Danielisová, Alžběta; Daniels, Robin; Davies, Alex; de Jersey, Philip; Deacon, Jody; Deminger, Csilla; Ditchfield, Peter W.; Dizdar, Marko; Dobeš, Miroslav; Dobisíková, Miluše; Domboróczki, László; Drinkall, Gail; Đukić, Ana; Ernée, Michal; Evans, Christopher; Evans, Jane; Fernández-Götz, Manuel; Filipović, Slavica; Fitzpatrick, Andrew; Fokkens, Harry; Fowler, Chris; Fox, Allison; Gallina, Zsolt; Gamble, Michelle; González Morales, Manuel R.; González-Rabanal, Borja; Green, Adrian; Gyenesei, Katalin; Habermehl, Diederick; Hajdu, Tamás; Hamilton, Derek; Harris, James; Hayden, Chris; Hendriks, Joep; Hernu, Bénédicte; Hey, Gill; Horňák, Milan; Ilon, Gábor; Istvánovits, Eszter; Jones, Andy M.; Blečić Kavur, Martina; Kazek, Kevin; Kenyon, Robert A.; Khreisheh, Amal; Kiss, Viktória; Kleijne, Jos; Knight, Mark; Kootker, Lisette M.; Kovács, Péter F.; Kozubová, Anita; Kulcsár, Gabriella; Kulcsár, Valéria; Le Pennec, Christophe; Legge, Michael; Leivers, Matt; Loe, Louise; López-Costas, Olalla; Lord, Tom; Los, Dženi; Lyall, James; Marín-Arroyo, Ana B.; Mason, Philip; Matošević, Damir; Maxted, Andy; McIntyre, Lauren; McKinley, Jacqueline; McSweeney, Kathleen; Meijlink, Bernard; Mende, Balázs G.; Menđušić, Marko; Metlička, Milan; Meyer, Sophie; Mihovilić, Kristina; Milasinovic, Lidija; Minnitt, Steve; Moore, Joanna; Morley, Geoff; Mullan, Graham; Musilová, Margaréta; Neil, Benjamin; Nicholls, Rebecca; Novak, Mario; Pala, Maria; Papworth, Martin; Paresys, Cécile; Patten, Ricky; Perkić, Domagoj; Pesti, Krisztina; Petit, Alba; Petriščáková, Katarína; Pichon, Coline; Pickard, Catriona; Pilling, Zoltán; Price, T. Douglas; Radović, Siniša; Redfern, Rebecca; Resutík, Branislav; Rhodes, Daniel T.; Richards, Martin B.; Roberts, Amy; Roefstra, Jean; Sankot, Pavel; Šefčáková, Alena; Sheridan, Alison; Skae, Sabine; Šmolíková, Miroslava; Somogyi, Krisztina; Somogyvári, Ágnes; Stephens, Mark; Szabó, Géza; Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna; Szeniczey, Tamás; Tabor, Jonathan; Tankó, Károly; Tavarez Maria, Clenis; Terry, Rachel; Teržan, Biba; Teschler-Nicola, Maria; Torres-Martínez, Jesús F.; Trapp, Julien; Turle, Ross; Ujvári, Ferenc; van der Heiden, Menno; Veleminsky, Petr; Veselka, Barbara; Vytlačil, Zdeněk; Waddington, Clive; Ware, Paula; Wilkinson, Paul; Wilson, Linda; Wiseman, Rob; Young, Eilidh; Zaninović, Joško; Žitňan, Andrej; Lalueza-Fox, Carles; de Knijff, Peter; Barnes, Ian; Halkon, Peter; Thomas, Mark G.; Kennett, Douglas J.; Cunliffe, Barry; Lillie, Malcolm; Rohland-Pinello, Nadin; Pinhasi, Ron; Armit, Ian; Reich, David
    Present-day people from England and Wales harbour more ancestry derived from Early European Farmers (EEF) than people of the Early Bronze Age1. To understand this, we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to Late Bronze and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and Western and Central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between 1000-875 BCE, EEF ancestry increased in southern Britain (England and Wales) but not northern Britain (Scotland) due to incorporation of migrants who arrived at this time and over previous centuries, and who were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from France. These migrants contributed about half the ancestry of Iron Age people of England and Wales, thereby creating a plausible vector for the spread of early Celtic languages into Britain. These patterns are part of a broader trend of EEF ancestry becoming more similar across Central and Western Europe in the Middle to Late Bronze Age, coincident with archaeological evidence of intensified cultural exchange2-6. There was comparatively less gene flow from continental Europe during the Iron Age, and Britain’s independent genetic trajectory is also reflected in the rise of the allele conferring lactase persistence to ~50% by this time compared to ~7% in Central Europe where it rose rapidly in frequency only a millennium later. This suggests that dairy products were used in qualitatively different ways in Britain and in Central Europe over this period.
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    Archaeogenomic evidence reveals prehistoric matrilineal dynasty
    (Nature Publishing Group, 2017) Kennett, Douglas J.; Plog, Stephen; George, Richard J.; Culleton, Brendan J.; Watson, Adam S.; Skoglund, Pontus R; Rohland, Nadin; Mallick, Swapan; Stewardson, Kristin; Kistler, Logan; Leblanc, Steven; Whiteley, Peter M.; Reich, David; Perry, George H.
    For societies with writing systems, hereditary leadership is documented as one of the hallmarks of early political complexity and governance. In contrast, it is unknown whether hereditary succession played a role in the early formation of prehistoric complex societies that lacked writing. Here we use an archaeogenomic approach to identify an elite matriline that persisted between 800 and 1130 CE in Chaco Canyon, the centre of an expansive prehistoric complex society in the Southwestern United States. We show that nine individuals buried in an elite crypt at Pueblo Bonito, the largest structure in the canyon, have identical mitochondrial genomes. Analyses of nuclear genome data from six samples with the highest DNA preservation demonstrate mother–daughter and grandmother–grandson relationships, evidence for a multigenerational matrilineal descent group. Together, these results demonstrate the persistence of an elite matriline in Chaco for ∼330 years.