Person: Mahmud, Ayesha
Loading...
Email Address
AA Acceptance Date
Birth Date
Research Projects
Organizational Units
Job Title
Last Name
Mahmud
First Name
Ayesha
Name
Mahmud, Ayesha
4 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
Publication Socioeconomic Status Determines COVID-19 Incidence and Related Mortality in Santiago, Chile(2021-01-15) Mena, Gonzalo E.; Martinez Vargas, Pamela; Mahmud, Ayesha; Marquet, Pablo A.; Buckee, Caroline; Santillana, MauricioThe current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted dense urban populations particularly hard. Here, we provide an in-depth characterization of disease incidence and mortality patterns, and their dependence on demographic and socioeconomic strata in Santiago, a highly segregated city and the capital of Chile. We find that among all age groups, there is a strong association between socioeconomic status and both mortality –measured either by direct COVID-19 attributed deaths or excess deaths– and public health capacity. Specifically, we show that behavioral factors like human mobility, as well as health system factors such as testing volumes, testing delays, and test positivity rates are associated with disease outcomes. These robust patterns suggest multiple possibly interacting pathways that can explain the observed disease burden and mortality differentials: (i) in lower socioeconomic status municipalities, human mobility was not reduced as much as in more affluent municipalities; (ii) testing volumes in these locations were insufficient early in the pandemic and public health interventions were applied too late to be effective; (iii) test positivity and testing delays were much higher in less affluent municipalities, indicating an impaired capacity of the health-care system to contain the spread of the epidemic; and (iv) infection fatality rates appear much higher in the lower end of the socioeconomic spectrum. Together, these findings highlight the exacerbated consequences of health-care inequalities in a large city of the developing world, and provide practical methodological approaches useful for characterizing COVID-19 burden and mortality in other segregated urban centers.Publication Mortality in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria(New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM/MMS), 2018) Kishore, Nishant; Marqués, Domingo; Mahmud, Ayesha; Kiang, Mathew; Rodriguez, Irmary; Fuller, Arlan; Ebner, Peggy; Sorensen, Cecilia; Racy, Fabio De Castro Jorge; Lemery, Jay; Maas, Leslie; Leaning, Jennifer; Irizarry, Rafael; Balsari, Satchit; Buckee, CarolineBACKGROUND Quantifying the effect of natural disasters on society is critical for recovery of public health services and infrastructure. The death toll can be difficult to assess in the aftermath of a major disaster. In September 2017, Hurricane Maria caused massive infrastructural damage to Puerto Rico, but its effect on mortality remains contentious. The official death count is 64. METHODS Using a representative, stratified sample, we surveyed 3299 randomly chosen households across Puerto Rico to produce an independent estimate of all-cause mortality after the hurricane. Respondents were asked about displacement, infrastructure loss, and causes of death. We calculated excess deaths by comparing our estimated post-hurricane mortality rate with official rates for the same period in 2016. RESULTS From the survey data, we estimated a mortality rate of 14.3 deaths (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.8 to 18.9) per 1000 persons from September 20 through December 31, 2017. This rate yielded a total of 4645 excess deaths during this period (95% CI, 793 to 8498), equivalent to a 62% increase in the mortality rate as compared with the same period in 2016. However, this number is likely to be an underestimate because of survivor bias. The mortality rate remained high through the end of December 2017, and one third of the deaths were attributed to delayed or interrupted health care. Hurricane-related migration was substantial. CONCLUSIONS This household-based survey suggests that the number of excess deaths related to Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico is more than 70 times the official estimate. (Funded by the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and others.)Publication Productive disruption: opportunities and challenges for innovation in infectious disease surveillance(BMJ Publishing Group, 2018) Buckee, Caroline; Cardenas, Maria I E; Corpuz, June; Ghosh, Arpita; Haque, Farhana; Karim, Jahirul; Mahmud, Ayesha; Maude, Richard; Mensah, Keitly; Motaze, Nkengafac Villyen; Nabaggala, Maria; Metcalf, Charlotte Jessica Eland; Mioramalala, Sedera Aurélien; Mubiru, Frank; Peak, Corey M.; Pramanik, Santanu; Rakotondramanga, Jean Marius; Remera, Eric; Sinha, Ipsita; Sovannaroth, Siv; Tatem, Andrew J; Zaw, WinPublication A Rapid Needs Assessment Among the Rohingya and Host Communities in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh: A Randomized Survey(Center for Open Science, 2018-04-15) Bhatia, Abhishek; Mahmud, Ayesha; Fuller, Arlen; Shin, Rebecca; Morshed, K.A.M; Rahman, Azad; Shatil, Tanvir; Sultana, Mahmuda; Balsari, Satchit; Leaning, JenniferThe Rohingya people of Myanmar have been subject to human rights violations through governmentsponsored discrimination and violence. Since August 2017, an intensified assault by Myanmar authorities has resulted in a rapid increase of Rohingya pouring into Bangladesh, and the expansion of refugee settlements in the district of Cox’s Bazar has strained humanitarian and government relief efforts. Assessing Rohingya and host community needs is critical for prioritizing resource allocations and for documenting the rights violations suffered by Rohingya refugees. From March 15 to 18, 2018, we conducted a rapid needs assessment of recently arrived Rohingya and host community households. We collected data on demographics, mortality, education, livelihoods, access to food and water, vaccination, and health care. Among other things, our survey found high levels of mortality among young Rohingya men, alarmingly low levels of vaccination among children, poor literacy, and rising poverty. Denied formal refugee status, the Rohingya cannot access due protections and find themselves in a state of insecurity in which they are unsure of their future and unable to formally seek work or send their children to school. While the government of Bangladesh explores the options of repatriation, relocation, and third-country resettlement for these refugees, it is important to ensure that they are not denied a life of dignity.