Person:

Gale, Eric

A library of 10 Mn-containing complexes capable of switching reversibly between the Mn(II) and Mn(III) oxidation states was prepared and evaluated for potential usage as MRI reporters of tissue redox activity. We synthesized N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-N,N′,N′-ethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HBET) and N-(2-hydroxybenzyl-N,N′,N′-trans-1,2-cyclohexylenediaminetriacetic acid (CyHBET) ligands functionalized (−H, −OMe, −NO2) at the 5-position of the aromatic ring. The Mn(II) complexes of all ligands and the Mn(III) complexes of the 5-H and 5-NO2 functionalized ligands were synthesized and isolated, but the Mn(III) complexes with the 5-OMe functionalized ligands were unstable. 1H relaxivity of the 10 isolable complexes was measured at pH 7.4 and 37 °C, 1.4 T. Thermodynamic stability, pH-dependent complex speciation, hydration state, water exchange kinetics of the Mn(II) complexes, and pseudo-first order reduction kinetics of the Mn(III) complexes were studied using a combination of pH-potentiometry, UV–vis spectroscopy, and 1H and 17O NMR measurements. The effects of ligand structural and electronic modifications on the Mn(II/III) redox couple were studied by cyclic voltammetry. The Mn(II) complexes are potent relaxation agents as compared to the corresponding Mn(III) species with [MnII(CyHBET)(H2O)]2– exhibiting a 7.5-fold higher relaxivity (3.3 mM–1 s–1) than the oxidized form (0.4 mM–1 s–1). At pH 7.4, Mn(II) exists as a mixture of fully deprotonated (ML) and monoprotonated (HML) complexes and Mn(II) complex stability decreases as the ligands become more electron-releasing (pMn for 10 μM [MnII(CyHBET–R′)(H2O)]2– decreases from 7.6 to 6.2 as R′ goes from −NO2 to −OMe, respectively). HML speciation increases as the electron-releasing nature of the phenolato-O donor increases. The presence of a water coligand is maintained upon conversion from HML to ML, but the water exchange rate of ML is faster by up to 2 orders of magnitude (kex310 for H[MnII(CyHBET)(H2O)]− and [MnII(CyHBET)(H2O)]2– are 1.2 × 108 and 1.0 × 1010 s–1, respectively). The Mn(II/III) redox potential can be tuned over a range of 0.30 V (E1/2 = 0.27–0.57 V) through electronic modifications to the 5-substituent of the aromatic ligand component. However, care must be taken in tuning the ligand electronics to avoid Mn(III)–ligand autoredox. Taken together, these results serve to establish criteria for optimizing Mn(III) versus Mn(II) relaxivity differentials, complex stability, and Mn(II/III) redox potential.

Despite established clinical utilisation, there is an increasing need for safer, more inert gadolinium-based contrast agents, and for chelators that react rapidly with radiometals. Here we report the syntheses of a series of chiral DOTA chelators and their corresponding metal complexes and reveal properties that transcend the parent DOTA compound. We incorporated symmetrical chiral substituents around the tetraaza ring, imparting enhanced rigidity to the DOTA cavity, enabling control over the range of stereoisomers of the lanthanide complexes. The Gd chiral DOTA complexes are shown to be orders of magnitude more inert to Gd release than [GdDOTA]−. These compounds also exhibit very-fast water exchange rates in an optimal range for high field imaging. Radiolabeling studies with (Cu-64/Lu-177) also demonstrate faster labelling properties. These chiral DOTA chelators are alternative general platforms for the development of stable, high relaxivity contrast agents, and for radiometal complexes used for imaging and/or therapy.