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Baldwin, Jennifer

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Baldwin

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Baldwin, Jennifer

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    Melanoma genome sequencing reveals frequent PREX2 mutations
    (2012) Berger, Michael F.; Hodis, Eran; Heffernan, Timothy P.; Deribe, Yonathan Lissanu; Lawrence, Michael S.; Protopopov, Alexei; Ivanova, Elena; Watson, Ian; Nickerson, Elizabeth; Ghosh, Papia; Zhang, Hailei; Zeid, Rhamy; Ren, Xiaojia; Cibulskis, Kristian; Sivachenko, Andrey Y.; Wagle, Nikhil; Sucker, Antje; Sougnez, Carrie; Onofrio, Roberto; Ambrogio, Lauren; Auclair, Daniel; Fennell, Timothy; Carter, Scott L.; Drier, Yotam; Stojanov, Petar; Singer, Meredith A.; Voet, Douglas; Jing, Rui; Saksena, Gordon; Barretina, Jordi; Ramos, Alex H.; Pugh, Trevor J.; Stransky, Nicolas; Parkin, Melissa Ann; Winckler, Wendy; Mahan, Scott; Ardlie, Kristin; Baldwin, Jennifer; Wargo, Jennifer Ann; Schadendorf, Dirk; Meyerson, Matthew; Gabriel, Stacey B.; Golub, Todd; Wagner, Stephan N.; Lander, Eric; Getz, Gad; Chin, Lynda; Garraway, Levi
    Melanoma is notable for its metastatic propensity, lethality in the advanced setting, and association with ultraviolet (UV) exposure early in life1. To obtain a comprehensive genomic view of melanoma, we sequenced the genomes of 25 metastatic melanomas and matched germline DNA. A wide range of point mutation rates was observed: lowest in melanomas whose primaries arose on non-UV exposed hairless skin of the extremities (3 and 14 per Mb genome), intermediate in those originating from hair-bearing skin of the trunk (range = 5 to 55 per Mb), and highest in a patient with a documented history of chronic sun exposure (111 per Mb). Analysis of whole-genome sequence data identified PREX2 - a PTEN-interacting protein and negative regulator of PTEN in breast cancer2 - as a significantly mutated gene with a mutation frequency of approximately 14% in an independent extension cohort of 107 human melanomas. PREX2 mutations are biologically relevant, as ectopic expression of mutant PREX2 accelerated tumor formation of immortalized human melanocytes in vivo. Thus, whole-genome sequencing of human melanoma tumors revealed genomic evidence of UV pathogenesis and discovered a new recurrently mutated gene in melanoma.