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Rosmarin, David

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Rosmarin

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Rosmarin, David
Author's Publications: search.filters.isAuthorOfPublication.5472fa3c-6d37-4625-af08-518d0dd47bef

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 33
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    Dental utilization disparities in a Jewish context: reasons and potential solutions
    (2015) Lazarus, Z; Pirutinsky, S; Korbman, M; Rosmarin, David
    Demographic discrepancies in dental healthcare utilization and access to care have historically been studied and attributed to such factors as socioeconomic status, race, and ethnicity. Such potential discrepancies and contributing factors amongst the Jewish population have been little explore. OBJECTIVE: To examine the frequency of dental visits among Jewish subgroups and explored possible explanatory factors for differences in dental healthcare utilization, such as financial constraints, dental anxiety, religious perspectives on health, lack of perceived need, poor accessibility, and scheduling conflicts. BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: A religiously diverse non-clinical sample of 169 Jews completed measures on demographics, dental visit frequency, dental anxiety, and general religiousness. RESULTS: On average, Orthodox Jews visit the dentist less often than non-Orthodox Jews (OR = 0.43) and Ultra-Orthodox Jews markedly less (OR = 0.23). Moreover, differences between these groups in dental visits were largely mediated by differences in dental anxiety, poor accessibility, lack of perceived need and scheduling conflicts. CONCLUSION: These results identify a population that is at risk for poor oral health and suggests possible preventive and corrective interventions.
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    Scrupulosity and implicit and explicit beliefs about God
    (Elsevier BV, 2015) Pirutinsky, Steven; Siev, Jedidiah; Rosmarin, David
    Dual-system models of cognition propose that the interplay between analytic and associative cognition determines emotions and behaviors. Scrupulosity, an OCD presentation dominated by religious or moral fears, involves fears that God is unreasonable and punitive, and previous research suggests that individuals with scrupulosity hold more negative concepts of God. The current research assessed if implicit associative aspects of these beliefs are relevant, both to bypass social desirability and to explore the role of non-conscious cognition. Participants were drawn from the Harvard Medical School Study on Judaism and Mental Health and completed an explicit assessment of beliefs about God, a related implicit association task (GNAT), and the Penn Inventory of Scrupulosity. Results indicated that explicit and implicit beliefs did not correlate, and that they both independently correlated with scrupulosity. Regression analyses indicated that only those with high explicit negative beliefs and relatively negative implicit associations reported elevated levels of scrupulosity. Beliefs about God, like other cognitive processes, appear to include both automatic and deliberate components that can be discordant, and symptoms of scrupulosity may require both explicit and implicit negative evaluations. Further research exploring the relevance of dual process models to scrupulosity, OCD, and affective disorders generally, appears warranted and necessary.
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    Attitudes toward spirituality/religion among members of the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies.
    (American Psychological Association (APA), 2013) Rosmarin, David; Green, Dovid; Pirutinsky, Steven; McKay, Dean
    Attitudes toward spirituality and religion (S/R) have not been systematically surveyed among practitioners of cognitive– behavior therapy. We therefore administered a brief survey about S/R ton n = 262 members of the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies (ABCT). Approximately half the sample reported a strong sense of spirituality (54%) however, religious affiliation, belief in God, religious practice, and intrinsic religiosity were substantially lower than that of the general population in the United States. Further, 36% of respondents reported some discomfort in addressing S/R issues with clients, 19% reported never/rarely inquiring about S/R, and 71% reported little-to-no previous clinical training in this area. Higher levels of personal S/R involvement predicted greater perception that S/R is relevant to mental health and greater comfort/frequency of addressing S/R in treatment, however this interacted with previous training, suggesting that training can promote the provision of spiritually competent care regardless of practitioners’ levels of personal S/R involvement.
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    Family size and psychological functioning in the Orthodox Jewish community
    (Informa UK Limited, 2015) Pirutinsky, Steven; Schechter, Issac; Kor, Ariel; Rosmarin, David
    Caring for children is a known psychosocial stressor; however, its effects on psychological functioning may have substantial cross-cultural variance. We explored relationships between family size and a variety of psychological outcomes among Orthodox Jews in four separate studies: (1) an international treatment-seeking sample (n = 82), (2) a community sample from Canada (n = 226), (3) an out-patient clinical sample from greater New York (n = 82), and (4) a large dyadic sample of Israeli couples (n = 789). Surprisingly, results suggested that family size was not associated with greater stress, anxiety, depression, global functioning, family functioning, family communication, family satisfaction, or even parenting stress. It is possible that the high religious value placed on family life as well as structural adaptions in families buffer against potential stressors associated with child rearing, and further research on these potential effects is warranted.
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    Maintaining a grateful disposition in the face of distress: The role of religious coping.
    (American Psychological Association (APA), 2016) Rosmarin, David; Pirutinsky, Steven; Greer, Devora; Korbman, Miriam
    Despite a surge in psychological research on gratitude over the past several years, a number of important questions remain unanswered about this highly valued trait. It is largely unknown, for example, how gratitude is maintained in times of distress. This article supports and extends existing theory and research on the relevance of benefit detection (the perception of having received a gain rendered intentionally and voluntarily by another), by testing a model in which religious involvement in general, and religious coping in particular, can help sustain gratitude in the face of negative emotions. Across 2 studies—1 in a community/college student sample (n 404) and another among individuals seeking psychological treatment (n 122)—we found initial support for our model. Implications for further research on gratitude and other areas of positive psychology are discussed.
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    Religion as a Predictor of Psychological Distress in Two Religious Communities
    (Informa UK Limited, 2009) Rosmarin, David; Krumrei, Elizabeth J.; Andersson, Gerhard
    Although spirituality and religion play a role in the lives of many North Americans, the relationship of these variables to symptoms of affective disorders has not been rigorously studied. The authors, therefore, evaluated the extent to which religious factors predicted symptoms of distress in a large community sample of 354 individuals (120 Christian and 234 Jewish). Results indicated that religious denomination was a poor predictor of distress. However, general religiousness (e.g. importance of religion), religious practices (e.g. frequency of prayer), and positive religious core beliefs predicted lower levels of worry, trait anxiety, and depressive symptoms, whereas negative religious core beliefs predicted increased symptoms. These variables accounted for a small but significant portion of the variance in reported symptoms after controlling for covariates. These findings are taken to indicate that religion is an important factor to consider when evaluating and treating distress in religious individuals. Implications for clinical practice of empirically supported treatments with religious individuals are explored.
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    Do Spiritual Struggles Predict Poorer Physical/Mental Health Among Jews?
    (Informa UK Limited, 2009) Rosmarin, David; Pargament, Kenneth I.; Flannelly, Kevin J.
    Although spirituality and religion are generally associated with higher levels of physical and mental well-being, spiritual struggles, which involve tension in regard to spiritual issues, have been identified as a risk factor for poorer physical and mental health, especially among individuals with greater levels of personal religiousness. However, studies in this area have utilized predominantly Christian samples and the importance of spiritual struggles to Jews is not known. We proposed and tested two competing models in an adult Jewish community sample: (a) the Universal Effects model in which spiritual struggles were proposed to be associated with decreased levels of physical/mental health, and more problematic for more religious Jews, and (b) the Differential Effects model in which spiritual struggles were proposed to be generally unrelated to the physical/mental health of Jews, and even less impactful on religious Jews. We found some support for both models. Spiritual struggles were modestly associated with lower levels of physical/mental health in the sample as a whole, even after controlling for demographic covariates. However, at the highest levels of spiritual struggle, Orthodox Jews exhibited an increase in physical and mental health whereas non-Orthodox Jews’ health continued to decrease.
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    The role of religiousness in anxiety, depression, and happiness in a Jewish community sample: A preliminary investigation
    (Informa UK Limited, 2009) Rosmarin, David; Pargament, Kenneth; Mahoney, Annette
    Although social scientists have convincingly demonstrated relationships between religious beliefs/practices and mental health, almost none of the empirical findings or related theory apply specifically to Jews. To address this limitation, we investigated the role of Jewish religiousness in anxiety, depression, and happiness, in a large Jewish community sample (n 1⁄4 565). Several facets of global Jewish religiousness were examined, as well as a theoretically based Jewish religious variable, trust in God. A self-report measure of trust in God was created, and factor analyses yielded two reliable and valid subscales: trust in God and mistrust in God. Contrary to our hypotheses, global Jewish religiousness was on the whole unrelated to mental-health functioning. As expected, higher levels of trust in God were associated with less anxiety and depression, and greater personal happiness, whereas inverse associations emerged for the unanticipated but robust mistrust subscale.
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    Integrating Spirituality Into Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in an Acute Psychiatric Setting: A Pilot Study
    (Springer Publishing Company, 2011) Rosmarin, David; Auerbach, Randy; Bigda-Peyton, Joseph S.; Bjorgvinsson, Throstur; Levendusky, Philip
    Results from national studies in the United States suggest that spiritually integrated psycho- therapy may be desired by and beneficial for a specific subset of patients. However, protocols to facilitate these aims within the context of evidence-based psychosocial treatments are few, and, consequently, the availability of spiritually integrated cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is limited. This article describes the development and implementation of a brief (50-minute), stand-alone Spirituality & CBT group piloted in an acute psychiatric setting. This novel treat- ment includes (a) psychoeducation about the relevance of spirituality to psychiatric symptoms, (b) the integration of spiritual beliefs into cognitive restructuring, and (c) the use of spiritual exercises in behavioral activation and self-care. We further report results from a brief survey of 45 patients regarding the perceived relevance of spirituality to symptoms and treatment and their subjective experiences in the group.