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Mandlik, Anjali

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Mandlik

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Anjali

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Mandlik, Anjali

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2014 - 20152

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Author's Publications: search.filters.isAuthorOfPublication.59c919be-d974-4168-8c7b-14ae56eeb3a8

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    A Cholera Conjugate Vaccine Containing O-specific Polysaccharide (OSP) of V. cholerae O1 Inaba and Recombinant Fragment of Tetanus Toxin Heavy Chain (OSP:rTTHc) Induces Serum, Memory and Lamina Proprial Responses against OSP and Is Protective in Mice
    (Public Library of Science, 2015) Sayeed, Md. Abu; Bufano, Meagan Kelly; Xu, Peng; Eckhoff, Grace; Charles, Richelle; Alam, Mohammad Murshid; Sultana, Tania; Rashu, Md. Rasheduzzaman; Berger, Amanda; Gonzalez-Escobedo, Geoffrey; Mandlik, Anjali; Bhuiyan, Taufiqur Rahman; Leung, Daniel T.; Larocque, Regina; Harris, Jason; Calderwood, Stephen; Qadri, Firdausi; Vann, W. F.; Kováč, Pavol; Ryan, Edward
    Background: Vibrio cholerae is the cause of cholera, a severe watery diarrhea. Protection against cholera is serogroup specific. Serogroup specificity is defined by the O-specific polysaccharide (OSP) component of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methodology Here we describe a conjugate vaccine for cholera prepared via squaric acid chemistry from the OSP of V. cholerae O1 Inaba strain PIC018 and a recombinant heavy chain fragment of tetanus toxin (OSP:rTTHc). We assessed a range of vaccine doses based on the OSP content of the vaccine (10-50 μg), vaccine compositions varying by molar loading ratio of OSP to rTTHc (3:1, 5:1, 10:1), effect of an adjuvant, and route of immunization. Principle Findings Immunized mice developed prominent anti-OSP and anti-TT serum IgG responses, as well as vibriocidal antibody and memory B cell responses following intramuscular or intradermal vaccination. Mice did not develop anti-squarate responses. Intestinal lamina proprial IgA responses targeting OSP occurred following intradermal vaccination. In general, we found comparable immune responses in mice immunized with these variations, although memory B cell and vibriocidal responses were blunted in mice receiving the highest dose of vaccine (50 μg). We found no appreciable change in immune responses when the conjugate vaccine was administered in the presence or absence of immunoadjuvant alum. Administration of OSP:rTTHc resulted in 55% protective efficacy in a mouse survival cholera challenge model. Conclusion: We report development of an Inaba OSP:rTTHc conjugate vaccine that induces memory responses and protection against cholera in mice. Development of an effective cholera conjugate vaccine that induces high level and long-term immune responses against OSP would be beneficial, especially in young children who respond poorly to polysaccharide antigens.
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    Comparative RNA-Seq based dissection of the regulatory networks and environmental stimuli underlying Vibrio parahaemolyticus gene expression during infection
    (Oxford University Press, 2014) Livny, Jonathan; Zhou, Xiaohui; Mandlik, Anjali; Hubbard, Troy P.; Davis, Brigid M.; Waldor, Matthew
    Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading worldwide cause of seafood-associated gastroenteritis, yet little is known regarding its intraintestinal gene expression or physiology. To date, in vivo analyses have focused on identification and characterization of virulence factors—e.g. a crucial Type III secretion system (T3SS2)—rather than genome-wide analyses of in vivo biology. Here, we used RNA-Seq to profile V. parahaemolyticus gene expression in infected infant rabbits, which mimic human infection. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from rabbit intestines and from several laboratory conditions enabled identification of mRNAs and sRNAs induced during infection and of regulatory factors that likely control them. More than 12% of annotated V. parahaemolyticus genes are differentially expressed in the intestine, including the genes of T3SS2, which are likely induced by bile-mediated activation of the transcription factor VtrB. Our analyses also suggest that V. parahaemolyticus has access to glucose or other preferred carbon sources in vivo, but that iron is inconsistently available. The V. parahaemolyticus transcriptional response to in vivo growth is far more widespread than and largely distinct from that of V. cholerae, likely due to the distinct ways in which these diarrheal pathogens interact with and modulate the environment in the small intestine.