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Homer, Charles

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Charles

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Homer, Charles
Author's Publications: search.filters.isAuthorOfPublication.726e6ecf-f49a-461f-affa-e82c6d5e4c95

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    Interventions to Improve Screening and Follow-Up in Primary Care: A Systematic Review of the Evidence
    (Elsevier BV, 2012) Van Cleave, Jeanne; Kuhlthau, Karen; Bloom, Sheila; Newacheck, Paul W.; Nozzolillo, Alixandra; Homer, Charles; Perrin, James
    Background The American Academy of Pediatrics and other organizations recommend several screening tests as part of preventive care. The proportion of children who are appropriately screened and who receive follow-up care is low. Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the evidence for practice-based interventions to increase the proportion of patients receiving recommended screening and follow-up services in pediatric primary care. Data source: Medline database of journal citations. Study eligibility criteria, participants, and interventions: We developed a strategy to search Medline to identify relevant articles. We selected search terms to capture categories of conditions (e.g., developmental disabilities, obesity), screening tests, specific interventions (e.g., quality improvement initiatives, electronic records enhancements), and primary care. We searched references of selected articles and reviewed articles suggested by experts. We included all studies with a distinct, primary care-based intervention and post-intervention screening data, and studies that focused on children and young adults (≤21 years of age). We excluded studies of newborn screening. Study appraisal and synthesis methods: Abstracts were screened by 2 reviewers and articles with relevant abstracts received full text review and evaluated for inclusion critieria. A structured tool was used to abstract data from selected articles. Because of heterogeneous interventions and outcomes, we did not attempt a meta-analysis. Results: From 2547 returned titles and abstracts, 23 articles were reviewed. Nine were pre-post comparisons, 5 were randomized trials, 3 were post-intervention comparisons with a control group, 3 were post-intervention cross-sectional analyses only, and 3 reported time series data. Of 14 articles with pre-intervention or control group data and significance testing, 12 reported increases in the proportion of patients appropriately screened. Interventions were heterogeneous and often multifaceted, and several types of interventions, such as provider/staff training, electronic medical record templates/prompts, and learning collaboratives, appeared effective in improving screening quality. Few articles described interventions to track screening results or referral completion for those with abnormal tests. Data were often limited by single-site, non-randomized design. Conclusions: Several feasible, practice- and provider-level interventions appear to increase the quality of screening in pediatric primary care. Evidence for interventions to improve follow-up of screening tests is scant. Future research should focus on which specific interventions are most effective, whether effects are sustained over time, and what interventions improve follow-up of abnormal screening tests.
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    A Family-Centered, Community-Based System of Services for Children and Youth With Special Health Care Needs
    (American Medical Association (AMA), 2007) Perrin, James; Romm, Diane; Bloom, Sheila R.; Homer, Charles; Kuhlthau, Karen; Cooley, Carl; Duncan, Paula; Roberts, Richard; Sloyer, Phyllis; Wells, Nora; Newacheck, Paul
    Objective: To present a conceptual definition of a family-centered system of services for children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN). Previous work by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau to define CYSHCN has had widespread program effects. This article similarly seeks to provide a definition of a system of services. Design: Comprehensive literature review of systems of services and consensus panel organized to review and refine the definition. Setting: Policy research group and advisors at multiple sites. Participants: Policy researchers, content experts on CYSHCN, family representatives, and state program directors. Outcome: Definition of a system of services for CYSHCN. Results: This article defines a system of services for CYSHCN as a family-centered network of community-based services designed to promote the healthy development and well-being of these children and their families. The definition can guide discussion among policy makers, practitioners, state programs, researchers, and families for implementing the “community-based systems of services” contained in Title V of the Social Security Act. Critical characteristics of a system include coordination of child and family services, effective communication among providers and the family, family partnership in care provision, and flexibility. Conclusions: This definition provides a conceptual model that can help measurement development and assessment of how well systems work and achieve their goals. Currently available performance objectives for the provision of care for CYSHCN and national surveys of child health could be modified to assess systems of services in general.