Person: Aizenberg, Joanna
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Aizenberg
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Joanna
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Aizenberg, Joanna
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Publication Mechanically robust lattices inspired by deep-sea glass sponges(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020-09-21) Fernandes, Matheus C.; Aizenberg, Joanna; Weaver, James; Bertoldi, KatiaThe predominantly deep-sea hexactinellid sponges are known for their ability to construct remarkably complex skeletons from amorphous hydrated silica. The skeletal system from one such example, Euplectella aspergillum, consists of a square-grid-like architecture overlaid with a double set of diagonal bracings, creating a checkerboard-like pattern of open and closed cells. Here, using a combination of finite element simulations and mechanical tests on 3D-printed specimens of different lattice geometries, we show that the sponge’s diagonal reinforcement strategy achieves the highest buckling resistance for a given amount of material. Furthermore, using an evolutionary optimization algorithm, we show that our sponge-inspired lattice geometry occurs near the design space’s material distribution optimum. Our results demonstrate that lessons learned from the study of sponge skeletal systems can be exploited for the realization of square lattice geometries that are geometrically optimized to avoid global structural buckling, with implications for improved material use in modern infrastructural applications.Publication Creating Bio-Inspired Hierarchical 3D–2D Photonic Stacks via Planar Lithography on Self-Assembled Inverse Opals(IOP Publishing, 2013-11-21) Aizenberg, Joanna; Burgess, Ian; Loncar, MarkoStructural hierarchy and complex 3D architecture are characteristics of biological photonic designs that are challenging to reproduce in synthetic materials. Top-down lithography allows for designer patterning of arbitrary shapes, but is largely restricted to planar 2D structures. Self-assembly techniques facilitate easy fabrication of 3D photonic crystals, but controllable defect-integration is difficult. In this paper we combine the advantages of top-down and bottom-up fabrication, developing two techniques to deposit 2D-lithographically-patterned planar layers on top of or in between inverse-opal 3D photonic crystals and creating hierarchical structures that resemble the architecture of the bright green wing scales of the butterfly, Parides sesostris. These fabrication procedures, combining advantages of both top-down and bottom-up fabrication, may prove useful in the development of omnidirectional coloration elements and 3D-2D photonic crystal devices.Publication Colorimetric Ethanol Indicator Based on Instantaneous, Localized Wetting of a Photonic Crystal(American Chemical Society (ACS), 2019-12-06) Yu, Yanhao; Brandt, Soren; Nicolas, Natalie J.; Aizenberg, JoannaEasy-to-use sensors for ethanol solutions have broad applications ranging from monitoring alcohol quality to combating underage drinking. Although there are a number of electronic and colorimetric sensors available for determining alcohol concentration, there is currently no device that can concurrently provide a prompt, well-defined, quickly recoverable readout and remain readily affordable. Here, we developed a field-ready, colorimetric indicator that provides a fast, clear identification of ethanol-water mixtures between 0 and 40% based on the discoloration of a wetted photonic crystal. We cooperatively exploit the iridescence and the geometrical gating in silica inverse opal films (IOFs), together with a fine-tuned surface chemistry gradient, to distinguish ethanol concentrations by their wettability patterns in the different segments of the IOFs. The resultant all-in-one colorimetric sensor delivers a striking and instantaneous optical response at an ethanol concentration as low as 5%. We further improve the ease of use by seamlessly integrating this colorimetric platform with drinking glassware (a glass stirrer and a vial). This research provides an optimal means for colorimetric ethanol detection and is a step toward the immersible sensing of diverse molecules (e.g., biomarkers) in aqueous solutions without expensive laboratory tests.Publication A highly conspicuous mineralized composite photonic architecture in the translucent shell of the blue-rayed limpet(Nature Pub. Group, 2015) Li, Ling; Kolle, Stefan; Weaver, James; Ortiz, Christine; Aizenberg, Joanna; Kolle, MathiasMany species rely on diverse selections of entirely organic photonic structures for the manipulation of light and the display of striking colours. Here we report the discovery of a mineralized hierarchical photonic architecture embedded within the translucent shell of the blue-rayed limpet Patella pellucida. The bright colour of the limpet’s stripes originates from light interference in a periodically layered zig-zag architecture of crystallographically co-oriented calcite lamellae. Beneath the photonic multilayer, a disordered array of light-absorbing particles provides contrast for the blue colour. This unique mineralized manifestation of a synergy of two distinct optical elements at specific locations within the continuum of the limpet’s translucent protective shell ensures the vivid shine of the blue stripes, which can be perceived under water from a wide range of viewing angles. The stripes’ reflection band coincides with the spectral range of minimal light absorption in sea water, raising intriguing questions regarding their functional significance.Publication Face-Selective Nucleation of Calcite on Self-Assembled Monolayers of Alkanethiols: Effect of the Parity of the Alkyl Chain(Wiley, 2003) Han, Yong-Jin; Aizenberg, JoannaIn‐line for promotion: A study of self‐assembled monolayers of sulfanylalkanoic acids containing odd and even numbers of methylene groups supported on gold and silver has demonstrated that the crystallographic direction of nucleated calcite crystals is controlled by the orientation of the functional groups in the templating surfacePublication Effect of Magnesium Ions on Oriented Growth of Calcite on Carboxylic Acid Functionalized Self-Assembled Monolayer(American Chemical Society (ACS), 2003) Han, Yong-Jin; Aizenberg, JoannaThe combined effect of templating and solution additives on calcite crystallization was studied. Self-assembled monolayers of mercaptoundecanoic acid supported on silver, as templates, induced the uniform, oriented nucleation of calcite from the (012) plane. The presence of Mg2+ in the crystallizing solution affected the crystal growth dramatically, due to the selective Mg binding to the calcite planes roughly parallel to the c-axis. Highly homogeneous arrays of oriented crystals with characteristic sizes, shapes, and morphology, depending on the relative concentration of Mg and Ca ions, were synthesized.Publication Shape, Size and Morphology Control of Inorganic Crystals With Self-Assembled Monolayers(Cambridge University Press (CUP), 2004) Han, Yong-Jin; Aizenberg, JoannaSelf-assembled monolayers (SAMs) provide simple, yet sophisticated surfaces to mimic the effect of proteins associated with the process of biomineralization. A careful selection of organic molecules with an appropriate surface chemistry (i.e. HS-(CH2)n-X- supported on a metal surface) allows the nucleation and growth of oriented calcite crystals and provides opportunities to study the formation of inorganic crystals assisted by organic molecules. We have successfully crystallized calcite crystals on different SAMs in the presence of additives such as proteins and/or ions in solution, and found correlations between the orientations of crystals to their final shapes, sizes and morphologies. We report here our experimental results demonstrating how underlying organic molecules along with inorganic additives can control and mold the final shape, size and morphology of calcium carbonate crystals.Publication Template-Dependent Morphogenesis of Oriented Calcite Crystals in the Presence of Magnesium Ions(Wiley, 2005) Han, Yong-Jin; Wysocki, Laura M.; Thanawala, Monica; Siegrist, Theo; Aizenberg, JoannaThis paper presents a study of the morphogenesis of oriented crystals caused by solution growth modifiers. Self-assembled monolayers of HS-(CH2)15-CO2H, HS-(CH2)10-CO2H, HS- (CH2)11-SO3H, HS-(CH2)11-OH supported on gold that induce the oriented nucleation of calcite from the (013), (113), (106)+(1.0.12) and (104) planes respectively, were used as templates for calcite crystallization from solutions containing Mg ions (Mg/Ca = 0-4). We show that when crystal growth in the presence of an additive is coupled with the control over the nucleation process, the formation of crystal arrays with extremely uniform size, shape, facets and orientation is achieved. This study for the first time demonstrates that crystal morphogenesis depends on the orientation of the crystals on the surface, such that crystals grown on different substrates exhibit uniform, but template-specific characteristics. The possible mechanisms of this new phenomenon – an additive-induced morphogenesis of differently oriented crystals – are discussed. We believe that this approach can be used as a potent crystallization strategy that would allow the synthesis of homogeneous crystals with finely-tailored morphologies.Publication Patterned Growth of Large Oriented Organic Semiconductor Single Crystals on Self-Assembled Monolayer Templates(American Chemical Society (ACS), 2005) Briseno, Alejandro L.; Aizenberg, Joanna; Han, Yong-Jin.; Penkala, Rebecca A.; Moon, Hyunsik; Lovinger, Andrew J.; Kloc, Christian; Bao, ZhenanThis work demonstrates a method for inducing site-specific nucleation and subsequent growth of large oriented organic semiconductor single crystals using micropatterned self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). We demonstrate growth of oriented, patterned, and large organic semiconductor single crystals for potential use in organic electronic devices. The control over multiple parameters in a single system has not yet been reported. The ability to control various aspects of crystal growth in one system provides a powerful technique for the bottom-up fabrication of organic single-crystal semiconductor devices.Publication Reversible Switching of Hydrogel-Actuated Nanostructures into Complex Micropatterns(American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2007) Sidorenko, A.; Krupenkin, T.; Taylor, A.; Fratzl, P.; Aizenberg, JoannaResponsive behavior, intrinsic to natural systems, is becoming a key requirement for advanced artificial materials and devices, presenting a substantial scientific and engineering challenge. We designed dynamic actuation systems by integrating high-aspect-ratio silicon nanocolumns, either free-standing or substrate-attached, with a hydrogel layer. The nanocolumns were put in motion by the "muscle" of the hydrogel, which swells or contracts depending on the humidity level. This actuation resulted in a fast reversible reorientation of the nanocolumns from tilted to perpendicular to the surface. By further controlling the stress field in the hydrogel, the formation of a variety of elaborate reversibly actuated micropatterns was demonstrated. The mechanics of the actuation process have been assessed. Dynamic control over the movement and orientation of surface nanofeatures at the micron and submicron scales may have exciting applications in actuators, microfluidics, or responsive materials.