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Smith, Barbara

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Smith

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Barbara

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Smith, Barbara
Author's Publications: search.filters.isAuthorOfPublication.97a55bc1-9e83-4b48-b54e-c3308858ab47

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    Long-term Risk of False-Positive Screening Results and Subsequent Biopsy as a Function of Mammography Use
    (Radiological Society of North America (RSNA), 2006) Blanchard, Karen; Colbert, James; Kopans, Daniel; Moore, Richard; Halpern, Elkan F.; Hughes, Kevin; Smith, Barbara; Tanabe, Kenneth; Michaelson, James
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    Polymerization-based Signal Amplification for Paper-Based Immunoassays
    (Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), 2015) Badu-Tawiah, Abraham K.; Lathwal, Shefali; Kaastrup, Kaja; Al-Sayah, Mohammad; Christodouleas, Dionysios; Smith, Barbara; Whitesides, George; Sikes, Hadley D.
    Diagnostic tests in resource-limited settings require technologies that are affordable and easy to use with minimal infrastructure. Colorimetric detection methods that produce results that are readable by eye, without reliance on specialized and expensive equipment, have great utility in these settings. We report a colorimetric method that integrates a paper-based immunoassay with a rapid, visible-light-induced polymerization to provide high visual contrast between a positive and a negative result. Using Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 as an example, we demonstrate that this method allows visual detection of proteins in complex matrices such as human serum and provides quantitative information regarding analyte levels when combined with cellphone-based imaging. It also allows the user to decouple the capture of analyte from signal amplification and visualization steps.
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    From the Bench to the Field in Low-Cost Diagnostics: Two Case Studies
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2015) Kumar, Ashok Ashwin; Hennek, Jonathan; Smith, Barbara; Kumar, Shailendra; Beattie, Patrick Daniel; Jain, Sidhartha; Rolland, Jason P.; Stossel, Thomas; Chunda-Liyoka, Catherine; Whitesides, George
    Despite the growth of research in universities on point-of-care (POC) diagnostics for global health, most devices never leave the laboratory. The processes that move diagnostic technology from the laboratory to the field—the processes intended to evaluate operation and performance under realistic conditions—are more complicated than they might seem. Two case studies illustrate this process: the development of a paper-based device to measure liver function, and the development of a device to identify sickle cell disease based on aqueous multiphase systems (AMPS) and differences in the densities of normal and sickled cells. Details of developing these devices provide strategies for forming partnerships, prototyping devices, designing studies, and evaluating POC diagnostics. Technical and procedural lessons drawn from these experiences may be useful to those designing diagnostic tests for developing countries, and more generally, technologies for use in resource-limited environments.
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    Magnetic Assembly of Soft Robots with Hard Components
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2013) Kwok, Sen W.; Morin, Stephen A.; Mosadegh, Bobak; So, Ju-Hee; Shepherd, Robert F.; Martinez, R; Smith, Barbara; Simeone, Felice; Stokes, Adam A.; Whitesides, George
    This paper describes the modular magnetic assembly of reconfigurable, pneumatically actuated robots composed of soft and hard components and materials. The soft components of these hybrid robots are actuators fabricated from silicone elastomers using soft lithography,and the hard components are acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) structures made using three-dimensional (3D) printing. Neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) ring magnets are embedded in these components to make and maintain the connections between components. The reversibility of these magnetic connections allows the rapid reconfiguration of these robots using components made of different materials (soft and hard) that also have different sizes, structures, and functions; in addition, it accelerates the testing of new designs, the exploration of new capabilities, and the repair or replacement of damaged parts. This method of assembling soft actuators to build soft machines addresses some limitations associated with using soft lithography for the direct molding of complex 3D pneumatic networks. Combining the self-aligning property of magnets with pneumatic control makes it possible for a teleoperator to modify the structures and capabilities of these robots readily in response to the requirements of different tasks.