Person: Campos, Hannia
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Campos
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Hannia
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Campos, Hannia
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Publication Adipose tissue n-3 fatty acids and metabolic syndrome(2014) Cespedes, Elizabeth; Baylin, Ana; Campos, HanniaBackground: Evidence regarding the relationship of n-3 fatty acids (FA) to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome components (MetS) is inconsistent. Objective: To examine associations of adipose tissue n-3 FA with MetS. Design: We studied 1611 participants without prior history of diabetes or heart disease who were participants in a population-based case-control study of diet and heart disease (The Costa Rica Heart Study). We calculated prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for MetS by quartile of n-3 FA in adipose tissue derived mainly from plants [α-Linolenic acid (ALA)], fish [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)], or metabolism [docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), as well as the EPA:ALA ratio, a surrogate marker of delta-6 desaturase activity]. Results: N-3 FA levels in adipose tissue were associated with MetS prevalence in opposite directions. The PR (95% CI) for the highest compared to the lowest quartile adjusted for age, sex, BMI, residence, lifestyle, diet and other fatty acids were 0.60 (0.44, 0.81) for ALA, 1.43 (1.12, 1.82) for EPA, 1.63 (1.22, 2.18) for DPA, and 1.47 (1.14, 1.88) for EPA:ALA, all p for trend <0.05. Although these associations were no longer significant (except DPA) after adjustment for BMI, ALA and DPA were associated with lower glucose and higher triglyceride levels, p<0.05 (respectively). Conclusions: These results suggest that ALA could exert a modest protective benefit, while EPA and DHA are not implicated in MetS. The positive associations for DPA and MetS could reflect higher delta-6 desaturase activity caused by increased adiposity.Publication Reducing the global burden of type 2 diabetes by improving the quality of staple foods: The Global Nutrition and Epidemiologic Transition Initiative(BioMed Central, 2015) Mattei, Josiemer; Malik, Vasanti; Wedick, Nicole Marie; Hu, Frank; Spiegelman, Donna; Willett, Walter; Campos, HanniaBackground: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has been reaching epidemic proportions across the globe, affecting low/middle-income and developed countries. Two main contributors to this burden are the reduction in mortality from infectious conditions and concomitant negative changes in lifestyles, including diet. We aimed to depict the current state of type 2 diabetes worldwide in light of the undergoing epidemiologic and nutrition transition, and to posit that a key factor in the nutrition transition has been the shift in the type and processing of staple foods, from less processed traditional foods to highly refined and processed carbohydrate sources. Discussion We showed data from 11 countries participating in the Global Nutrition and Epidemiologic Transition Initiative, a collaborative effort across countries at various stages of the nutrition-epidemiologic transition whose mission is to reduce diabetes by improving the quality of staple foods through culturally-appropriate interventions. We depicted the epidemiologic transition using demographic and mortality data from the World Health Organization, and the nutrition transition using data from the Food and Agriculture Organization food balance sheets. Main staple foods (maize, rice, wheat, pulses, and roots) differed by country, with most countries undergoing a shift in principal contributors to energy consumption from grains in the past 50 years. Notably, rice and wheat products accounted for over half of the contribution to energy consumption from staple grains, while the trends for contribution from roots and pulses generally decreased in most countries. Global Nutrition and Epidemiologic Transition Initiative countries with pilot data have documented key barriers and motivators to increase intake of high-quality staple foods. Summary Global research efforts to identify and promote intake of culturally-acceptable high-quality staple foods could be crucial in preventing diabetes. These efforts may be valuable in shaping future research, community interventions, and public health and nutritional policies.Publication Effects of estrogenic oral contraceptives on the lipoprotein B particle system defined by apolipoproteins E and C-III content.(American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1999) Khoo, Christina; Campos, Hannia; Judge, Helena; Sacks, FrankApolipoproteins E and C-III are modulators of lipoprotein metabolism that could affect development of atherosclerosis. The prevalence in plasma of apoB-containing particles (LpB) that contain either apoE or apoC-III, both or neither, and the effect of estrogen on these lipoproteins are unknown. The LpB particle system, defined by the presence or absence of apoE or C-III, was studied in 13 normolipidemic women, 7 nonusers and 6 users of oral contraceptives. Fasting plasma was separated by anti-apoE and C-III affinity chromatography and ultracentrifugation into four types of VLDL, IDL, and LDL particles: with apoE but not apoC-III (E+C-), apoC-III but not apoE (E-C+), both (E+C+) or neither (E-C-). The predominant VLDL particles were E-C- (42% in nonusers, 56% in users) and E+C+ (39% in nonusers, 24% in users), suggesting that apoE and apoC-III mainly exist together in VLDL. In IDL, E-C- was the major fraction (74% nonusers, 81% users), and in LDL, it was 99% in both groups. The triglycerides in VLDL and IDL were mainly contained in C+ particles (79% and 66% of the total VLDL and IDL triglycerides, respectively). Within VLDL, IDL, and LDL, E-C- particles had the smallest size and E+C+ or E-C+ the largest. Users had higher concentrations of VLDL E-C- (280%) and IDL E-C- (90%) particles than nonusers. They also had higher free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester concentrations associated with these fractions and with VLDL E-C+. The triglyceride contents of VLDL E-C- particles were lower in users of oral contraceptives than in nonusers. This study demonstrates that the elevated VLDL TG concentrations in users of estrogen-dominant oral contraceptives is mainly caused by an increased concentration of small VLDL particles that have reduced TG content, and that do not have apoE and C-III. These particles may have lower atherogenicity than particles enriched with apoE and C-III.-Khoo, C., H. Campos, H. Judge, and F. M. Sacks. Effects of estrogenic oral contraceptives on the lipoprotein B particle system defined by apolipoproteins E and C-III content.Publication Habitual coffee consumption and genetic predisposition to obesity: gene-diet interaction analyses in three US prospective studies(BioMed Central, 2017) Wang, Tiange; Huang, Tao; Kang, Jae Hee; Zheng, Yan; Jensen, Majken; Wiggs, Janey; Pasquale, Louis; Fuchs, Charles; Campos, Hannia; Rimm, Eric; Willett, Walter; Hu, Frank; Qi, LuBackground: Whether habitual coffee consumption interacts with the genetic predisposition to obesity in relation to body mass index (BMI) and obesity is unknown. Methods: We analyzed the interactions between genetic predisposition and habitual coffee consumption in relation to BMI and obesity risk in 5116 men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), in 9841 women from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS), and in 5648 women from the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI). The genetic risk score was calculated based on 77 BMI-associated loci. Coffee consumption was examined prospectively in relation to BMI. Results: The genetic association with BMI was attenuated among participants with higher consumption of coffee than among those with lower consumption in the HPFS (P interaction = 0.023) and NHS (P interaction = 0.039); similar results were replicated in the WHI (P interaction = 0.044). In the combined data of all cohorts, differences in BMI per increment of 10-risk allele were 1.38 (standard error (SE), 0.28), 1.02 (SE, 0.10), and 0.95 (SE, 0.12) kg/m2 for coffee consumption of < 1, 1–3 and > 3 cup(s)/day, respectively (P interaction < 0.001). Such interaction was partly due to slightly higher BMI with higher coffee consumption among participants at lower genetic risk and slightly lower BMI with higher coffee consumption among those at higher genetic risk. Each increment of 10-risk allele was associated with 78% (95% confidence interval (CI), 59–99%), 48% (95% CI, 36–62%), and 43% (95% CI, 28–59%) increased risk for obesity across these subgroups of coffee consumption (P interaction = 0.008). From another perspective, differences in BMI per increment of 1 cup/day coffee consumption were 0.02 (SE, 0.09), –0.02 (SE, 0.04), and –0.14 (SE, 0.04) kg/m2 across tertiles of the genetic risk score. Conclusions: Higher coffee consumption might attenuate the genetic associations with BMI and obesity risk, and individuals with greater genetic predisposition to obesity appeared to have lower BMI associated with higher coffee consumption. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12916-017-0862-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.Publication Effect of vitamin supplementation on breast milk concentrations of retinol, carotenoids and tocopherols in HIV-infected Tanzanian women(Nature Publishing Group, 2007) Webb, A L; Aboud, S; Furtado, Jeremy; Murrin, C; Campos, Hannia; Fawzi, Wafaie; Villamor, EduardoBackground The effect of daily prenatal and postnatal vitamin supplementation on concentrations of breast milk nutrients is not well characterized in HIV-infected women. Objective We examined the impact of vitamin supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on breast milk concentrations of retinol, carotenoids, and tocopherols during the first year post-partum among 626 HIV-infected Tanzanian women. Design We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Women were assigned to one of four daily oral supplements: vitamin A + β-carotene (VA+BC); multivitamins (B, C, E (MV)); MV+VA+BC; or placebo. Concentrations of breast milk nutrients were determined by HPLC at birth and every 3 mo thereafter. Results Supplementation with VA+BC increased concentrations of retinol, β-carotene, and α-carotene at delivery by 4799, 1791, and 84 nmol/L, respectively, compared to no VA+BC (all p<0.0001). MV supplementation did not increase concentrations of α-tocopherol or δ-tocopherol at delivery but significantly decreased concentrations of breast milk γ-tocopherol and retinol. Although concentrations of all nutrients decreased significantly by 3 months postpartum, retinol, α-carotene, and β-carotene concentrations were significantly higher among those receiving VA+BC at 3, 6, and 12 mo compared to no VA+BC. Alpha tocopherol was significantly higher, while γ-tocopherol concentrations were significantly lower, among women receiving MV compared to no MV at 3, 6, and 12 mo post-partum. Conclusions Sustained supplementation of HIV-infected breastfeeding mothers with MV could be a safe and effective intervention to improve vitamin E concentrations in breast milk. VA+BC supplementation increases concentrations of breast milk retinol but it is not recommended in HIV-infected mothers due to the elevated risk of vertical transmission.Publication Abdominal obesity and hyperglycemia mask the effect of a common APOC3 haplotype on the risk of myocardial infarction(American Society for Nutrition, 2008) Ruiz-Narváez, Edward; Sacks, Frank; Campos, HanniaBackground Plasma apolipoprotein (apo) C-III strongly predicts myocardial infarction (MI) and directly activates atherogenic processes invascularcells.Geneticvariationintheinsulinresponseelementofthe APOC3 promoter is associated with an increased risk of MI. Objective The objective was to determine whether the APOC3 promoter variation affects plasma apo C-III concentrations and MI only when insulin sensitivity is normal. Design TheAPOC3*222haplotype,definedbytheminorallelesofthe single nucleotide polymorphisms 3238C→G, –455T→C, and –482C→T, was studied in 1703 matched nonfatal case-control pairs with MI in the Central Valley of Costa Rica. We used fasting hyper-glycemia and abdominal obesity as surrogates for insulin sensitivity. Results The APOC3*222 haplotype was associated with higher apo C-III concentrations only in those with the lowest waist circumference or fasting glucose concentration. The association between the APOC3*222 haplotype and nonfatal MI, previously reported in this population, was strongly influenced by fasting hyperglycemia and abdominal obesity. The odds ratios for MI for the APOC3*222 haplotype were 1.72 (95% CI: 1.16, 2.54) and 1.84 (1.31, 2.59) in subjects in the lowest quintiles of abdominal obesity and fasting hyperglycemia, respectively, and were 0.75 (0.54, 1.05) and 1.16 (0.85, 1.59) in subjects in the highest quintiles, respectively (P for interaction <0.05). Conclusion The results support the concept that mutations in the APOC3 promoter inhibit the down-regulation of APOC3 expression by insulin. This cardioprotective system becomes dysfunctional in abdominal obesity and hyperglycemia.Publication Effect of protein, unsaturated fat, and carbohydrate intakes on plasma apolipoprotein B and VLDL and LDL containing apolipoprotein C-III: results from the OmniHeart Trial.(American Society for Nutrition, 2008) Furtado, Jeremy; Campos, Hannia; Appel, Lawrence; Miller, Edgar; Laranjo, Nancy; Carey, Vincent; Sacks, FrankPublication Distinct patterns of lipoproteins with apoB defined by presence of apoE or apoC-III in hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia.(American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001) Campos, Hannia; Perlov, Dan; Khoo, Christina; Sacks, FrankApolipoprotein (apo) E and apoC-III concentrations in VLDL and LDL are associated with coronary heart disease. We studied the relationship between apoE and apoC-III and the abnormal concentrations and distribution of apoB lipoproteins in 10 hypercholesterolemic and 13 hypertriglyceridemic patients compared with 12 normolipidemic subjects (mean age, 45 years). Sixteen distinct types of apoB lipoprotein particles were separated by first using anti-apoE and anti-apoC-III immunoaffinity chromatography in sequence and then ultracentrifugation [light VLDL, dense VLDL, IDL, and LDL, with apoE with or without apoC-III (E(+)C-III(+), E(+)C-III(-)) or without apoE with or without apoC-III (E(-)C-III(+), E(-)C-III(-))]. The concentrations of VLDL particles with apoC-III (E(+)C-III(+), E(-)C-III(+)) were increased in the hypertriglyceridemic group compared with the hypercholesterolemic and normolipidemic groups. These particles were the most triglyceride rich of the particle types, and their triglyceride content was twice as high in hypertriglyceridemics compared with the other two groups. Hypertriglyceridemics had a similar concentration of total E(-)C-III(-) particles compared with normolipidemics, but the E(-)C-III(-) particles were distributed more to VLDL and IDL than to LDL. Hypercholesterolemics, in contrast, were distinguished from the normolipidemic group by 2-fold higher concentrations of apoB lipoproteins without apoE or apoC-III (E(-)C-III(-)), mainly LDL, which had high cholesterol content. Nonetheless, both normolipidemics and hypercholesterolemics had apoC-III-containing VLDL, which comprised 68% and 43% of their total VLDL particles. E(+)C-III(-) particles were a minor type, comprising <10% of particles in all lipoproteins and patient groups. Therefore, VLDL particles with apoC-III may play a central role in identifying the high risk of coronary heart disease in hypertriglyceridemia, but their substantial prevalence in normolipidemics may be of clinical significance as well.Publication Investigation of KIF6 Trp719Arg in a Case-Control Study of Myocardial Infarction: A Costa Rican Population(Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2010) Bare, Lance A.; Ruiz-Narvaéz, Edward A.; Tong, Carmen H.; Arellano, Andre R.; Rowland, Charles M.; Catanese, Joseph J.; Sacks, Frank; Devlin, James J.; Campos, HanniaBackground and Methodology The 719Arg allele of KIF6 (rs20455) was associated with coronary events in Caucasian participants of five prospective studies. We investigated whether this KIF6 variant was associated with non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) in a case-control study of an admixed population from the Central Valley of Costa Rica. Genotypes of the KIF6 variant were determined for 4,134 men and women. Cases (1,987) had survived a first MI; controls (2,147) had no history of MI and were matched to cases by age, sex, and area of residence. We tested the association between the KIF6 719Arg allele and non-fatal MI by conditional logistic regression and adjusted for admixture of founder populations. Principal Findings Compared with the reference Trp/Trp homozygotes, KIF6 719Arg carriers were not at significantly higher risk for non-fatal MI in this study after adjustment for traditional risk factors or admixture (OR = 1.12; 95%CI, 0.98–1.28). Heterozygotes of the KIF6 Trp719Arg variant were at increased risk of non-fatal MI: the adjusted odds ratio was 1.16 (95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.34), but this association would not be significant after a multiple testing correction. Conclusions/Significance We found that carriers of the KIF6 719Arg allele were not at increased risk of non-fatal MI in a case-control study of Costa Ricans living in the Central Valley of Costa Rica. Introduction Kinesins are a superfamily of homodimeric motor proteins that transport cellular cargos (e.g., proteins, vesicles, or organelles) along microtubules in an ATP dependent process. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the gene for the KIF6 protein—a member of the kinesin 9 family—has been reported to be associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) and event reduction during statin therapy[2]. In Caucasians, carriers of the 719Arg allele of this SNP (rs20455) were at increased risk for coronary events in 5 prospective studies: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) , the Women's Health Study (WHS), and in the placebo groups of both the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) study and the West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study (WOSCOPS), In contrast to these prospective studies, KIF6 Trp719Arg was not associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) in two recently reported case-control studies: the Ottawa Heart Genomics study and the Welcome Trust Case-Control Consortium study Only limited data are available regarding whether the KIF6 719Arg allele is associated with CHD in other ethnic populations. For example, among African Americans in ARIC, each allele of KIF6 719Arg increased the risk for incident CHD by 1.23-fold (95%CI, 0.99–1.52), and among African Americans in CHS, carriers of the KIF6 719Arg allele had a hazard ratio for incident myocardial infarction (MI) of 4.14 (90%CI, 0.79–21.77), compared with noncarriers[4]. Thus, although the associations between the KIF6 719Arg allele and CHD were not statistically significant in the small African American study populations in ARIC and CHS, these results suggested that the KIF6 719Arg allele may be associated with CHD in ethnic populations other than Caucasians. Therefore, we asked whether the KIF6 719Arg allele is associated with MI in a Hispanic population from Costa Rica. Results The characteristics of cases with myocardial infarction and population-based controls from the Central Valley of Costa Rica used in this study are shown in Table 1. Age, sex, and residence (i.e., matched characteristics) did not differ significantly between cases and controls (Table 1). Other CHD risk factors (smoking, history of hypertension, family history of MI, and waist-to-hip ratio) were higher in cases than in controls (Table 1). The genotypes of the KIF6 SNP (rs20455) that cause a Trp719Arg variation did not deviate from the distribution expected under Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (P = 0.38); the frequency of the minor allele (KIF6 719Arg) was 0.36 in the control subjects. Characteristics of Cases and Controls. We found that carriers of one or two copies of the KIF6 719Arg variant were not at increased risk of MI (OR = 1.12; 95%CI, 0.98–1.28; Table 2). Although the risk estimate for heterozygotes of the KIF6 variant (Trp/Arg), compared with major allele homozygotes (Trp/Trp), was 1.15 (95%CI 1.00–1.33; Table 2) after adjusting for potentially confounding risk factors and admixture in this Costa Rican population, this association would not be significant if corrected for the testing of multiple KIF6 719Arg carrier groups. Homozygotes of the KIF6 variant (Arg/Arg) were not at increased risk of MI, compared with major allele homozygotes (Trp/Trp).Publication Lifestyle Cardiovascular Risk Score, Genetic Risk Score, and Myocardial Infarction in Hispanic/Latino Adults Living in Costa Rica(John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2016) Sotos‐Prieto, Mercedes; Baylin, Ana; Campos, Hannia; Qi, Lu; Mattei, JosiemerBackground: A lifestyle cardiovascular risk score (LCRS) and a genetic risk score (GRS) have been independently associated with myocardial infarction (MI) in Hispanics/Latinos. Interaction or joint association between these scores has not been examined. Thus, our aim was to assess interactive and joint associations between LCRS and GRS, and each individual lifestyle risk factor, on likelihood of MI. Methods and Results: Data included 1534 Costa Rican adults with nonfatal acute MI and 1534 matched controls. The LCRS used estimated coefficients as weights for each factor: unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, smoking, elevated waist:hip ratio, low/high alcohol intake, low socioeconomic status. The GRS included 14 MI‐associated risk alleles. Conditional logistic regressions were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios. The odds ratios for MI were 2.72 (2.33, 3.17) per LCRS unit and 1.13 (95% CI 1.06, 1.21) per GRS unit. A significant joint association for highest GRS tertile and highest LCRS tertile and odds of MI was detected (odds ratio=5.43 [3.71, 7.94]; P<1.00×10−7), compared to both lowest tertiles. The odds ratios were 1.74 (1.22, 2.49) under optimal lifestyle and unfavorable genetic profile, and 5.02 (3.46, 7.29) under unhealthy lifestyle but advantageous genetic profile. Significant joint associations were observed for the highest GRS tertile and the highest of each lifestyle component risk category. The interaction term was nonsignificant (P=0.33). Conclusions: Lifestyle risk factors and genetics are jointly associated with higher odds of MI among Hispanics/Latinos. Individual and combined lifestyle risk factors showed stronger associations. Efforts to improve lifestyle behaviors could help prevent MI regardless of genetic susceptibility.