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Boyden, Steven Edward

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Boyden

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Steven Edward

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Boyden, Steven Edward
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    Mutations in the Satellite Cell Gene MEGF10 Cause a Recessive Congenital Myopathy with Minicores
    (Springer-Verlag, 2012) Mahoney, Lane J.; Myers, Jennifer A.; Estrella, Elicia A.; Duncan, Anna R.; Dey, Friederike; DeChene, Elizabeth T.; Blasko-Goehringer, Jessica M.; Bƶnnemann, Carsten G.; Mendell, Jerry R.; Nishino, Ichizo; Boyden, Steven Edward; Kawahara, Genri; Mitsuhashi, S; Darras, Basil; Lidov, Hart; Beggs, Alan; Kunkel, Louis; Kang, Peter Byung-Hoon
    We ascertained a nuclear family in which three of four siblings were affected with an unclassified autosomal recessive myopathy characterized by severe weakness, respiratory impairment, scoliosis, joint contractures, and an unusual combination of dystrophic and myopathic features on muscle biopsy. Whole genome sequence from one affected subject was filtered using linkage data and variant databases. A single gene, MEGF10, contained nonsynonymous mutations that co-segregated with the phenotype. Affected subjects were compound heterozygous for missense mutations c.976T > C (p.C326R) and c.2320T > C (p.C774R). Screening the MEGF10 open reading frame in 190 patients with genetically unexplained myopathies revealed a heterozygous mutation, c.211C > T (p.R71W), in one additional subject with a similar clinical and histological presentation as the discovery family. All three mutations were absent from at least 645 genotyped unaffected control subjects. MEGF10 contains 17 atypical epidermal growth factor-like domains, each of which contains eight cysteine residues that likely form disulfide bonds. Both the p.C326R and p.C774R mutations alter one of these residues, which are completely conserved in vertebrates. Previous work showed that murine Megf10 is required for preserving the undifferentiated, proliferative potential of satellite cells, myogenic precursors that regenerate skeletal muscle in response to injury or disease. Here, knockdown of megf10 in zebrafish by four different morpholinos resulted in abnormal phenotypes including unhatched eggs, curved tails, impaired motility, and disorganized muscle tissue, corroborating the pathogenicity of the human mutations. Our data establish the importance of MEGF10 in human skeletal muscle and suggest satellite cell dysfunction as a novel myopathic mechanism.
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    High-Density Genomewide Linkage Analysis of Exceptional Human Longevity Identifies Multiple Novel Loci
    (Public Library of Science, 2010) Boyden, Steven Edward; Kunkel, Louis
    Background: Human lifespan is approximately 25% heritable, and genetic factors may be particularly important for achieving exceptional longevity. Accordingly, siblings of centenarians have a dramatically higher probability of reaching extreme old age than the general population. Methodology/Principal Findings To map the loci conferring a survival advantage, we performed the second genomewide linkage scan on human longevity and the first using a high-density marker panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms. By systematically testing a range of minimum age cutoffs in 279 families with multiple long-lived siblings, we identified a locus on chromosome 3p24-22 with a genomewide significant allele-sharing LOD score of 4.02 (empirical Pā€Š=ā€Š0.037) and a locus on chromosome 9q31-34 with a highly suggestive LOD score of 3.89 (empirical Pā€Š=ā€Š0.054). The empirical P value for the combined result was 0.002. A third novel locus with a LOD score of 4.05 on chromosome 12q24 was detected in a subset of the data, and we also obtained modest evidence for a previously reported interval on chromosome 4q22-25. Conclusions/Significance Our linkage data should facilitate the discovery of both common and rare variants that determine genetic variability in lifespan.