Person:
Hammerman, Peter S.

Profile Picture

Email Address

AA Acceptance Date

Birth Date

Research Projects

Organizational Units

Job Title

Last Name

Hammerman

First Name

Peter S.

Name

Hammerman, Peter S.
Author's Publications: search.filters.isAuthorOfPublication.a4721c9f-dead-4f7d-a22b-adc3ae734cf3

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 16
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Mutational heterogeneity in cancer and the search for new cancer genes
    (2014) Lawrence, Michael S.; Stojanov, Petar; Polak, Paz; Kryukov, Gregory V.; Cibulskis, Kristian; Sivachenko, Andrey; Carter, Scott L.; Stewart, Chip; Mermel, Craig; Roberts, Steven A.; Kiezun, Adam; Hammerman, Peter S.; McKenna, Aaron; Drier, Yotam; Zou, Lihua; Ramos, Alex H.; Pugh, Trevor J.; Stransky, Nicolas; Helman, Elena; Kim, Jaegil; Sougnez, Carrie; Ambrogio, Lauren; Nickerson, Elizabeth; Shefler, Erica; Cortés, Maria L.; Auclair, Daniel; Saksena, Gordon; Voet, Douglas; Noble, Michael; DiCara, Daniel; Lin, Pei; Lichtenstein, Lee; Heiman, David I.; Fennell, Timothy; Imielinski, Marcin; Hernandez, Bryan; Hodis, Eran; Baca, Sylvan; Dulak, Austin M.; Lohr, Jens; Landau, Dan-Avi; Wu, Catherine; Melendez-Zajgla, Jorge; Hidalgo-Miranda, Alfredo; Koren, Amnon; McCarroll, Steven; Mora, Jaume; Crompton, Brian; Onofrio, Robert; Parkin, Melissa; Winckler, Wendy; Ardlie, Kristin; Gabriel, Stacey B.; Roberts, Charles W. M.; Biegel, Jaclyn A.; Stegmaier, Kimberly; Bass, Adam; Garraway, Levi; Meyerson, Matthew; Golub, Todd; Gordenin, Dmitry A.; Sunyaev, Shamil; Lander, Eric; Getz, Gad
    Major international projects are now underway aimed at creating a comprehensive catalog of all genes responsible for the initiation and progression of cancer. These studies involve sequencing of matched tumor–normal samples followed by mathematical analysis to identify those genes in which mutations occur more frequently than expected by random chance. Here, we describe a fundamental problem with cancer genome studies: as the sample size increases, the list of putatively significant genes produced by current analytical methods burgeons into the hundreds. The list includes many implausible genes (such as those encoding olfactory receptors and the muscle protein titin), suggesting extensive false positive findings that overshadow true driver events. Here, we show that this problem stems largely from mutational heterogeneity and provide a novel analytical methodology, MutSigCV, for resolving the problem. We apply MutSigCV to exome sequences from 3,083 tumor-normal pairs and discover extraordinary variation in (i) mutation frequency and spectrum within cancer types, which shed light on mutational processes and disease etiology, and (ii) mutation frequency across the genome, which is strongly correlated with DNA replication timing and also with transcriptional activity. By incorporating mutational heterogeneity into the analyses, MutSigCV is able to eliminate most of the apparent artefactual findings and allow true cancer genes to rise to attention.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Integrated RNA and DNA sequencing improves mutation detection in low purity tumors
    (Oxford University Press, 2014) Wilkerson, Matthew D.; Cabanski, Christopher R.; Sun, Wei; Hoadley, Katherine A.; Walter, Vonn; Mose, Lisle E.; Troester, Melissa A.; Hammerman, Peter S.; Parker, Joel S.; Perou, Charles M.; Hayes, D. Neil
    Identifying somatic mutations is critical for cancer genome characterization and for prioritizing patient treatment. DNA whole exome sequencing (DNA-WES) is currently the most popular technology; however, this yields low sensitivity in low purity tumors. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) covers the expressed exome with depth proportional to expression. We hypothesized that integrating DNA-WES and RNA-seq would enable superior mutation detection versus DNA-WES alone. We developed a first-of-its-kind method, called UNCeqR, that detects somatic mutations by integrating patient-matched RNA-seq and DNA-WES. In simulation, the integrated DNA and RNA model outperformed the DNA-WES only model. Validation by patient-matched whole genome sequencing demonstrated superior performance of the integrated model over DNA-WES only models, including a published method and published mutation profiles. Genome-wide mutational analysis of breast and lung cancer cohorts (n = 871) revealed remarkable tumor genomics properties. Low purity tumors experienced the largest gains in mutation detection by integrating RNA-seq and DNA-WES. RNA provided greater mutation signal than DNA in expressed mutations. Compared to earlier studies on this cohort, UNCeqR increased mutation rates of driver and therapeutically targeted genes (e.g. PIK3CA, ERBB2 and FGFR2). In summary, integrating RNA-seq with DNA-WES increases mutation detection performance, especially for low purity tumors.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    The impact of the MYB-NFIB fusion proto-oncogene in vivo
    (Impact Journals LLC, 2016) Mikse, Oliver R.; Tchaicha, Jeremy H.; Akbay, Esra A.; Chen, Liang; Bronson, Roderick; Hammerman, Peter S.; Wong, Kwok-Kin
    Recurrent fusion of the v-myb avian myelobastosis viral oncogene homolog (MYB) and nuclear factor I/B (NFIB) generates the MYB-NFIB transcription factor, which has been detected in a high percentage of individuals with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). To understand the functional role of this fusion protein in carcinogenesis, we generated a conditional mutant transgenic mouse that expresses MYB-NFIB along with p53 mutation in tissues that give rise to ACC: mammary tissue, salivary glands, or systemically in the whole body. Expression of the oncogene in mammary tissue resulted in hyperplastic glands that developed into adenocarcinoma in 27.3% of animals. Systemic expression of the MYB-NFIB fusion caused more rapid development of this breast phenotype, but mice died due to abnormal proliferation in the glomerular compartment of the kidney, which led to development of glomerulonephritis. These findings suggest the MYB-NFIB fusion is oncogenic and treatments targeting this transcription factor may lead to therapeutic responses in ACC patients.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Kinase Domain Activation of FGFR2 Yields High-Grade Lung Adenocarcinoma Sensitive to a Pan-FGFR Inhibitor in a Mouse Model of NSCLC
    (American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), 2014) Tchaicha, J. H.; Akbay, Esra A.; Altabef, A.; Mikse, O. R.; Kikuchi, E.; Rhee, K.; Liao, R; Bronson, Roderick; Sholl, Lynette; Meyerson, Matthew; Hammerman, Peter S.; Wong, Kwok-Kin
    Somatic mutations in Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 (FGFR2) are present in 4-5% of patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Amplification and mutations in FGFR genes have been identified in patients with NSCLC and clinical trials are testing the efficacy of anti-FGFR therapies. FGFR2 and other FGFR kinase family gene alterations have been found in both lung squamous cell carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma though mouse models of FGFR driven lung cancers have not been reported. Here, we generated a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) of NSCLC driven by a kinase domain mutation in FGFR2. Combined with p53 ablation, primary grade III/IV adenocarcinoma was induced in the lung epithelial compartment exhibiting locally invasive and pleiotropic tendencies largely made up of multinucleated cells. Tumors were acutely sensitive to pan-FGFR inhibition. This is the first FGFR2-driven lung cancer GEMM, which can be applied across different cancer indications in a preclinical setting.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Challenges in EGFRvIII Detection in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
    (Public Library of Science, 2015) Wheeler, Sarah E.; Egloff, Ann Marie; Wang, Lin; James, C. David; Hammerman, Peter S.; Grandis, Jennifer R.
    Objective: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) accounts for more than 5% of all cancers worldwide. The mortality rate of HNSCC has remained unchanged (approximately 50%) over the last few decades. Ubiquitous overexpression of wild type EGFR in many solid tumors has led to the development of EGFR targeted therapies. EGFR can be constitutively activated via several mechanisms including the truncated, EGFR variant III isoform (EGFRvIII). EGFRvIII lacks exons 2–7 and has been reported to be present in up to 20–40% of HNSCC. EGFRvIII has been shown to contribute to cetuximab resistance. The mechanisms leading to EGFRvIII expression in HNSCC are unknown. The present investigation was undertaken to determine the etiology of EGFRvIII in HNSCC. Materials and Methods Fixed HNSCC and glioma tissues were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization for EGFR amplification. DNA and RNA from fresh frozen specimens were used to determine the presence of EGFRvIII transcripts and the mechanisms of expression via PCR, RT-PCR and RNA sequencing. Results: Unlike glioma, EGFRvIII expression in HNSCC did not correlate with EGFR amplification. We found evidence of genomic deletion of the exon 2–7 in 6 of 7 HNSCC cases examined, however, the presence of genomic deletion did not always result in mRNA expression of EGFRvIII. RNA sequencing with automated alignment did not identify EGFRvIII due to microhomology between intron 1 and exon 8. RNA sequencing analyzed by manual alignment methods did not correlate well with RT-PCR and PCR findings. Conclusion: These findings suggest that genomic deletion as well as additional regulatory mechanisms may contribute to EGFRvIII expression in HNSCC. Further, large scale automated alignment of sequencing are unlikely to identify EGFRvIII and an assay specifically designed to detect EGFRvIII may be necessary to detect this altered form of EGFR in HNSCC tumors.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Fine needle aspirate flow cytometric phenotyping characterizes immunosuppressive nature of the mesothelioma microenvironment
    (Nature Publishing Group, 2016) Lizotte, Patrick H.; Jones, Robert E.; Keogh, Lauren; Ivanova, Elena; Liu, Hongye; Awad, Mark; Hammerman, Peter S.; Gill, Ritu; Richards, William; Barbie, David; Bass, Adam; Bueno, Raphael; English, Jessie M.; Bittinger, Mark; Wong, Kwok-Kin
    With the emergence of checkpoint blockade and other immunotherapeutic drugs, and the growing adoption of smaller, more flexible adaptive clinical trial designs, there is an unmet need to develop diagnostics that can rapidly immunophenotype patient tumors. The ability to longitudinally profile the tumor immune infiltrate in response to immunotherapy also presents a window of opportunity to illuminate mechanisms of resistance. We have developed a fine needle aspirate biopsy (FNA) platform to perform immune profiling on thoracic malignancies. Matching peripheral blood, bulk resected tumor, and FNA were analyzed from 13 mesothelioma patients. FNA samples yielded greater numbers of viable cells when compared to core needle biopsies. Cell numbers were adequate to perform flow cytometric analyses on T cell lineage, T cell activation and inhibitory receptor expression, and myeloid immunosuppressive checkpoint markers. FNA samples were representative of the tumor as a whole as assessed by head-to-head comparison to single cell suspensions of dissociated whole tumor. Parallel analysis of matched patient blood enabled us to establish quality assurance criteria to determine the accuracy of FNA procedures to sample tumor tissue. FNA biopsies provide a diagnostic to rapidly phenotype the tumor immune microenvironment that may be of great relevance to clinical trials.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Lkb1 inactivation drives lung cancer lineage switching governed by Polycomb Repressive Complex 2
    (Nature Publishing Group, 2017) Zhang, Haikuo; Fillmore Brainson, Christine; Koyama, Shohei; Redig, Amanda J; Chen, Ting; Li, Shuai; Gupta, Manav; Garcia-de-Alba, Carolina; Paschini, Margherita; Herter-Sprie, Grit S.; Lu, Gang; Zhang, Xin; Marsh, Bryan P.; Tuminello, Stephanie J.; Xu, Chunxiao; Chen, Zhao; Wang, Xiaoen; Akbay, Esra A.; Zheng, Mei; Palakurthi, Sangeetha; Sholl, Lynette; Rustgi, Anil K.; Kwiatkowski, David; Diehl, J Alan; Bass, Adam; Sharpless, Norman E.; Dranoff, Glenn; Hammerman, Peter S.; Ji, Hongbin; Bardeesy, Nabeel; Saur, Dieter; Watanabe, Hideo; Kim, Carla; Wong, Kwok-Kin
    Adenosquamous lung tumours, which are extremely poor prognosis, may result from cellular plasticity. Here, we demonstrate lineage switching of KRAS+ lung adenocarcinomas (ADC) to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) through deletion of Lkb1 (Stk11) in autochthonous and transplant models. Chromatin analysis reveals loss of H3K27me3 and gain of H3K27ac and H3K4me3 at squamous lineage genes, including Sox2, ΔNp63 and Ngfr. SCC lesions have higher levels of the H3K27 methyltransferase EZH2 than the ADC lesions, but there is a clear lack of the essential Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) subunit EED in the SCC lesions. The pattern of high EZH2, but low H3K27me3 mark, is also prevalent in human lung SCC and SCC regions within ADSCC tumours. Using FACS-isolated populations, we demonstrate that bronchioalveolar stem cells and club cells are the likely cells-of-origin for SCC transitioned tumours. These findings shed light on the epigenetics and cellular origins of lineage-specific lung tumours.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    A genetic basis for the variation in the vulnerability of cancer to DNA damage
    (Nature Publishing Group, 2016) Yard, Brian D.; Adams, Drew J.; Chie, Eui Kyu; Tamayo, Pablo; Battaglia, Jessica S.; Gopal, Priyanka; Rogacki, Kevin; Pearson, Bradley E.; Phillips, James; Raymond, Daniel P.; Pennell, Nathan A.; Almeida, Francisco; Cheah, Jaime H.; Clemons, Paul A.; Shamji, Alykhan; Peacock, Craig D.; Schreiber, Stuart; Hammerman, Peter S.; Abazeed, Mohamed E.
    Radiotherapy is not currently informed by the genetic composition of an individual patient's tumour. To identify genetic features regulating survival after DNA damage, here we conduct large-scale profiling of cellular survival after exposure to radiation in a diverse collection of 533 genetically annotated human tumour cell lines. We show that sensitivity to radiation is characterized by significant variation across and within lineages. We combine results from our platform with genomic features to identify parameters that predict radiation sensitivity. We identify somatic copy number alterations, gene mutations and the basal expression of individual genes and gene sets that correlate with the radiation survival, revealing new insights into the genetic basis of tumour cellular response to DNA damage. These results demonstrate the diversity of tumour cellular response to ionizing radiation and establish multiple lines of evidence that new genetic features regulating cellular response after DNA damage can be identified.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Exome and genome sequencing of nasopharynx cancer identifies NF-κB pathway activating mutations
    (Nature Publishing Group, 2017) Li, Yvonne Y.; Chung, Grace T. Y.; Lui, Vivian W. Y.; To, Ka-Fai; Ma, Brigette B. Y.; Chow, Chit; Woo, John K, S.; Yip, Kevin Y.; Seo, Jeongsun; Hui, Edwin P.; Mak, Michael K. F.; Rusan, Maria; Chau, Nicole G.; Or, Yvonne Y. Y.; Law, Marcus H. N.; Law, Peggy P. Y.; Liu, Zoey W. Y.; Ngan, Hoi-Lam; Hau, Pok-Man; Verhoeft, Krista R.; Poon, Peony H. Y.; Yoo, Seong-Keun; Shin, Jong-Yeon; Lee, Sau-Dan; Lun, Samantha W. M.; Jia, Lin; Chan, Anthony W. H.; Chan, Jason Y. K.; Lai, Paul B. S.; Fung, Choi-Yi; Hung, Suet-Ting; Wang, Lin; Chang, Ann Margaret V.; Chiosea, Simion I.; Hedberg, Matthew L.; Tsao, Sai-Wah; van Hasselt, Andrew C.; Chan, Anthony T. C.; Grandis, Jennifer R.; Hammerman, Peter S.; Lo, Kwok-Wai
    Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an aggressive head and neck cancer characterized by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and dense lymphocyte infiltration. The scarcity of NPC genomic data hinders the understanding of NPC biology, disease progression and rational therapy design. Here we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) on 111 micro-dissected EBV-positive NPCs, with 15 cases subjected to further whole-genome sequencing (WGS), to determine its mutational landscape. We identified enrichment for genomic aberrations of multiple negative regulators of the NF-κB pathway, including CYLD, TRAF3, NFKBIA and NLRC5, in a total of 41% of cases. Functional analysis confirmed inactivating CYLD mutations as drivers for NPC cell growth. The EBV oncoprotein latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) functions to constitutively activate NF-κB signalling, and we observed mutual exclusivity among tumours with somatic NF-κB pathway aberrations and LMP1-overexpression, suggesting that NF-κB activation is selected for by both somatic and viral events during NPC pathogenesis.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Publication
    Distinct patterns of somatic genome alterations in lung adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas
    (2016) Campbell, Joshua David; Alexandrov, Anton; Kim, Jaegil; Wala, Jeremiah; Hawley, Alice; Pedamallu, Chandra Sekhar; Shukla, Sachet A.; Guo, Guangwu; Brooks, Angela; Murray, Bradley A.; Imielinski, Marcin; Hu, Xin; Ling, Shiyun; Akbani, Rehan; Rosenberg, Mara; Cibulskis, Carrie; Ramachandran, Aruna; Collisson, Eric A.; Kwiatkowski, David; Lawrence, Michael; Weinstein, John N.; Verhaak, Roel G. W.; Wu, Catherine; Hammerman, Peter S.; Cherniack, Andrew D.; Getz, Gad; Artyomov, Maxim N.; Schreiber, Robert; Govindan, Ramaswamy; Meyerson, Matthew
    To compare lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) and to identify new drivers of lung carcinogenesis, we examined exome sequences and copy number profiles of 660 lung ADC and 484 lung SqCC tumor/normal pairs. Recurrent alterations in lung SqCCs were more similar to other squamous carcinomas than to lung ADCs. Novel significantly mutated genes included PPP3CA, DOT1L, and FTSJD1 in lung ADC, RASA1 in lung SqCC, and KLF5, EP300, and CREBBP in both tumor types. Novel amplification peaks encompassed MIR21 in lung ADC, MIR205 in lung SqCC, and MAPK1 in both. Lung ADCs lacking receptor tyrosine kinase/Ras/Raf alterations revealed mutations in SOS1, VAV1, RASA1, and ARHGAP35. Regarding neoantigens, 47% of the lung ADC and 53% of the lung SqCC tumors had at least 5 predicted neoepitopes. While targeted therapies for lung ADC and lung SqCC are largely distinct, immunotherapies may aid in treatment for both subtypes.