Globally, women remain underrepresented in STEM. Our lab-in-the-field study delves into parental influence on adolescents’ perceptions of scientific versus humanistic aptitude. We find that thinking about parental recommendation affects students’ beliefs on their comparative advantage in a gender-stereotypical way. Girls are 23% less likely to choose math when they think about their mothers’ recommendation before selecting their field. The paper underscores the critical role parents play in shaping gender-specific beliefs about academic strengths, highlighting potential avenues for fostering diversity in STEM.
We study the effects of immigration on natives’ marriage, fertility, and family formation across U.S. cities between 1910 and 1930. Using a shift-share design, we find that natives living in cities that received more immigrants were more likely to marry, have children, and leave the parental house earlier. Our evidence suggests that immigration increased native men’s employment, thereby raising the supply of native “marriageable men”. We consider alternative channels—such as changes in sex ratios, natives’ cultural reactions, and economic competition faced by native women—and conclude that none of them, alone, can explain our results.
