Person: Lin, Jia-Ren
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Lin
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Jia-Ren
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Lin, Jia-Ren
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Publication Evolution of Delayed Resistance to Immunotherapy in a Melanoma Responder(Springer Nature, 2021-05-03) Liu, David; Lin, Jia-Ren; Robitschek, Emily; Kasumova, Gyulnara; Heyde, Alexander; Shi, Alvin; Kraya, Adam; Zhang, Gao; Moll, Tabea; Frederick, Dennie; Chen, Yu-An; Schapiro, Denis; Ho, Li-Lun; Bi, Kevin; Sahu, Avinash; Mei, Shaolin; Miao, Benchun; Sharova, Tatyana; Alvarez-Breckenridge, Christopher; Stocking, Jackson; Kim, Tommy; Fadden, Riley; Lawrence, Donald; Hoang, Mai; Cahill, Daniel; Maleh Mir, Mohsen; Nowak, Martin; Brastianos, Priscilla; Lian, Christine; Ruppin, Eytan; Izar, Benjamin; Herlyn, Meenhard; Van Allen, Eliezer; Nathanson, Katherine; Flaherty, Keith; Sullivan, Ryan; Kellis, Manolis; Sorger, Peter; Boland, GenevieveDespite initial responses, most melanoma patients develop resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). To understand the evolution of resistance, we studied 37 tumor samples over 9 years from a metastatic melanoma patient with exceptional response followed by delayed recurrence and death. Phylogenetic analysis revealed co-evolution of 7 lineages with multiple convergent, but independent resistance-associated alterations (RAAs). All recurrent tumors emerged from a lineage characterized by loss of chromosome 15q, with post-treatment clones acquiring additional genomic driver events. Deconvolution of bulk RNAseq and highly-multiplexed immunofluorescence (t-CyCIF) revealed differences in immune composition amongst different lineages. Imaging revealed a vasculogenic mimicry phenotype in NGFR-High tumor cells with high PD-L1 expression in close proximity to immune cells. Rapid autopsy demonstrated 2 distinct NGFR spatial patterns with high polarity and proximity to immune cells in subcutaneous tumors versus a diffuse spatial pattern in lung tumors, suggesting different roles of this neural crest-like program in different tumor microenvironments. Broadly, this study establishes a high-resolution map of the evolutionary dynamics of resistance to ICB, characterizes a de-differentiated, neural crest tumor population in melanoma immunotherapy resistance, and describes site specific differences in tumor-immune interactions via longitudinal analysis of a melanoma patient with an unusual clinical course.Publication Highly multiplexed imaging of single cells using a high-throughput cyclic immunofluorescence method(Nature Pub. Group, 2015) Lin, Jia-Ren; Fallahi-Sichani, Mohammad; Sorger, PeterSingle-cell analysis reveals aspects of cellular physiology not evident from population-based studies, particularly in the case of highly multiplexed methods such as mass cytometry (CyTOF) able to correlate the levels of multiple signalling, differentiation and cell fate markers. Immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy adds information on cell morphology and the microenvironment that are not obtained using flow-based techniques, but the multiplicity of conventional IF is limited. This has motivated development of imaging methods that require specialized instrumentation, exotic reagents or proprietary protocols that are difficult to reproduce in most laboratories. Here we report a public-domain method for achieving high multiplicity single-cell IF using cyclic immunofluorescence (CycIF), a simple and versatile procedure in which four-colour staining alternates with chemical inactivation of fluorophores to progressively build a multichannel image. Because CycIF uses standard reagents and instrumentation and is no more expensive than conventional IF, it is suitable for high-throughput assays and screening applications.Publication Qualifying Antibodies for Image-Based Immune Profiling and Multiplexed Tissue Imaging(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2019-09-18) Lin, Jia-Ren; Rashid, Rumana; Maliga, Zoltan; Izar, Benjamin; Santagata, Sandro; Du, Ziming; Wang, Shu; Aster, Jon; Songer, PeterMultiplexed tissue imaging enables precise, spatially resolved enumeration and characterization of cell types and states in human resection specimens. A growing number of methods applicable to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections have been described, the majority of which rely on antibodies for antigen detection and mapping. This protocol provides step-by-step procedures for confirming the selectivity and specificity of antibodies used in fluorescence-based tissue imaging and for the construction and validation of antibody panels. Although the protocol is implemented using tissue-based cyclic immunofluorescence (t-CyCIF) as an imaging platform, these antibody-testing methods are broadly applicable. We demonstrate assembly of a 16-antibody panel for enumerating and localizing T cells and B cells, macrophages, and cells expressing immune checkpoint regulators. The protocol is accessible to individuals with experience in microscopy and immunofluorescence; some experience in computation is required for data analysis. A typical 30-antibody dataset for 20 FFPE slides can be generated within 2 weeks.Publication Small-Molecule Screen Identifies De Novo Nucleotide Synthesis as a Vulnerability of Cells Lacking SIRT3(2018) Gonzalez Herrera, Karina; Zaganjor, Elma; Ishikawa, Yoshinori; Spinelli, Jessica; Yoon, Haejin; Lin, Jia-Ren; Satterstrom, F. Kyle; Ringel, Alison; Mulei, Stacy; Souza, Amanda; Gorham, Joshua; Benson, Craig C.; Seidman, Jonathan; Sorger, Peter; Clish, Clary B.; Haigis, MarciaSummary Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase downregulated in aging and age-associated diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration and in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic disorders. Here, we performed a small-molecule screen and identified an unexpected metabolic vulnerability associated with SIRT3 loss. Azaserine, a glutamine analog, was the top compound that inhibited growth and proliferation of cells lacking SIRT3. Using stable isotope tracing of glutamine, we observed its increased incorporation into de novo nucleotide synthesis in SIRT3 knockout (KO) cells. Furthermore, we found that SIRT3 KO cells upregulated the diversion of glutamine into de novo nucleotide synthesis through hyperactive mTORC1 signaling. Overexpression of SIRT3 suppressed mTORC1 and growth in vivo in a xenograft tumor model of breast cancer. Thus, we have uncovered a metabolic vulnerability of cells with SIRT3 loss by using an unbiased small-molecule screen.