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Bellows, Alexandra

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Bellows

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Alexandra

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Bellows, Alexandra
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    Life expectancy and agricultural environmental impacts in Addis Ababa can be improved through optimized plant and animal protein consumption
    (Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2021-04-21) Blakstad, Mia; Danaei, Goodarz; Tadesse, Amare; Damerau, Kerstin; Bellows, Alexandra; Canavan, Chelsey; Bliznashka, Lilia; Zack, Rachel; Myers, Samuel S; Berhane, Yemane; Fawzi, Wafaie
    In Ethiopia, children and adults face a double burden of malnutrition, with coexisting undernutrition, stunting, and non-communicable diseases. Here, we use a framework of comparative risk assessment, local dietary surveys, and relative risks from large observational studies to quantify the health and environmental impacts of meeting adult and child recommended daily protein intakes in urban Addis Ababa. We find that plant-based foods, especially legumes, would have the lowest environmental impact and substantially increase life expectancy in adults, whilst animal-sourced proteins could be beneficial for children. This context-specific approach – accounting for regional constraints and trade-offs – can aid policy makers in developing culturally appropriate, nutritionally adequate and sustainable dietary recommendations.
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    Micronutrient Deficiencies among Breastfeeding Infants in Tanzania
    (MDPI, 2017) Bellows, Alexandra; Smith, Emily; Muhihi, Alfa; Briegleb, Christina; Noor, Ramadhani; Mshamu, Salum; Sudfeld, Christopher; Masanja, Honorati; Fawzi, Wafaie
    Infant mortality accounts for the majority of child deaths in Tanzania, and malnutrition is an important underlying cause. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to describe the micronutrient status of infants in Tanzania and assess predictors of infant micronutrient deficiency. We analyzed serum vitamin D, vitamin B12, folate, and ferritin levels from 446 infants at two weeks of age, 408 infants at three months of age, and 427 mothers three months post-partum. We used log-Poisson regression to estimate relative risk of being deficient in vitamin D and vitamin B12 for infants in each age group. The prevalence of vitamin D and vitamin B12 deficiency decreased from 60% and 30% at two weeks to 9% and 13% at three months respectively. Yet, the prevalence of insufficiency at three months was 49% for vitamin D and 17% for vitamin B12. Predictors of infant vitamin D deficiency were low birthweight, urban residence, maternal education, and maternal vitamin D status. Maternal vitamin B12 status was the main predictor for infant vitamin B12 deficiency. The majority of infants had sufficient levels of folate or ferritin. Further research is necessary to examine the potential benefits of improving infants’ nutritional status through vitamin D and B12 supplements.