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Sirak, Kendra

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Sirak

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Kendra

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Sirak, Kendra

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2020 - 20212

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Author's Publications: search.filters.isAuthorOfPublication.d065bc05-ef97-434f-9937-9121742f7031

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    Publication
    A Genetic History of the Pre-Contact Caribbean
    (Springer Nature, 2020-12-23) Fernandes, Daniel M.; Sirak, Kendra; Ringbauer, Harald; Sedig, Jakob; Rohland-Pinello, Nadin; Cheronet, Olivia; Mah, Matthew; Mallick, Swapan; Olalde, Inigo; Culleton, Brendan J.; Adamski, Nicole; Bernardos, Rebecca; Bravo, Guillermo; Broomandkhoshbacht, Nasreen; Callan, Kimberly; Candilio, Francesca; Demetz, Lea; Carlson, Kellie; Eccles, Laurie; Freilich, Suzanne; George, Richard J.; Lawson, Ann Marie; Mandl, Kirsten; Marzaioli, Fabio; McCool, Weston C.; Oppenheimer, Jonas; Özdogan, Kadir T.; Schattke, Constanze; Schmidt, Ryan; Stewardson, Kristin; Terrasi, Filippo; Zalzala, Fatma; Antúnez, Carlos Arredondo; Canosa, Ercilio Vento; Colten, Roger; Cucina, Andrea; Genchi, Francesco; Kraan, Claudia; La Pastina, Francesco; Lucci, Michaela; Maggiolo, Marcio Veloz; Marcheco-Teruel, Beatriz; Maria, Clenis Tavarez; Martínez, Christian; París, Ingeborg; Pateman, Michael; Simms, Tanya; Sivoli, Carlos Garcia; Vilar, Miguel; Kennett, Douglas J.; Keegan, William; Coppa, Alfredo; Lipson, Mark; Pinhasi, Ron; Reich, David
    Humans settled the Caribbean ~6,000 years ago, with ceramic use and intensified agriculture marking a shift from the Archaic to the Ceramic Age ~2,500 years ago. We report genome-wide data from 174 individuals from The Bahamas, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Curaçao, and Venezuela co-analyzed with published data. Archaic Age Caribbean people derive from a deeply divergent population closest to Central and northern South Americans; contrary to previous work, we find no support for ancestry contributed by a population related to North Americans. Archaic lineages were >98% replaced by a genetically homogeneous ceramic-using population related to Arawak-speakers from northeast South America who moved through the Lesser Antilles and into the Greater Antilles at least 1,700 years ago, introducing ancestry that is still present. Ancient Caribbean people avoided close kin unions despite limited mate pools reflecting small effective population sizes which we estimate to be a minimum of Ne=500-1500 and a maximum of Ne=1530-8150 on the combined islands of Puerto Rico and Hispaniola in the dozens of generations before the analyzed individuals lived. Census sizes are unlikely to be more than ten-fold larger than effective population sizes, so previous estimates of hundreds of thousands of people are too large. Confirming a small, interconnected Ceramic Age population, we detect 19 pairs of cross-island cousins, close relatives ~75 kilometers apart in Hispaniola, and low genetic differentiation across islands. Genetic continuity across transitions in pottery styles reveals that cultural changes during the Ceramic Age were not driven by migration of genetically-differentiated groups from the mainland but instead reflected interactions within an interconnected Caribbean world.
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    Publication
    Ethics of DNA Research on Human Remains: Five Globally Applicable Guidelines
    (Nature, 2021-10-20) Alpaslan-Roodenberg, Songül; Anthony, David; Babiker, Hiba; Bánffy, Eszter; Booth, Thomas; Capone, Patricia; Deshpande-Mukherjee, Arati; Eisenmann, Stefanie; Fehren-Schmitz, Lars; Frachetti, Michael; Fujita, Ricardo; Frieman, Catherine J.; Fu, Qiaomei; Gibbon, Victoria; Haak, Wolfgang; Hajdinjak, Mateja; Hofmann, Kerstin; Holguin, Brian; Inomata, Takeshi; Kanzawa-Kiriyama, Hideaki; Keegan, William; Kelso, Janet; Krause, Johannes; Kumaresan, Ganesan; Kusimba, Chapurukha; Kusimba, Sibel; Lalueza-Fox, Carles; Llamas, Bastien; MacEachern, Scott; Mallick, Swapan; Matsumura, Hirofumi; Morales-Arce, Ana Y.; Motuzaite Matuzeviciute, Giedre; Mushrif-Tripathy, Veena; Nakatsuka, Nathan; Nores, Rodrigo; Ogola, Christine; Okumura, Mercedes; Patterson, Nick; Pinhasi, Ron; Prasad, Samayamantri P. R.; Prendergast, Mary E.; Punzo, Jose Luis; Reich, David; Sawafuji, Rikai; Sawchuk, Elizabeth; Schiffels, Stephan; Sedig, Jakob; Shnaider, Svetlana; Sirak, Kendra; Skoglund, Pontus; Slon, Viviane; Snow, Meradeth; Soressi, Marie; Spriggs, Matthew; Stockhammer, Philipp; Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna; Thangaraj, Kumarasamy; Tiesler, Vera; Tobler, Ray; Wang, Chuan-Chao; Warinner, Christina; Yasawardene, Surangi; Zahir, Muhammad
    We are a group of archaeologists, anthropologists, curators, and geneticists representing 24 countries and diverse global communities, most of whom met in November 2020 in a virtual workshop dedicated to ethics in ancient DNA research. There was widespread agreement that globally applicable ethical guidelines are needed, but that recent recommendations grounded in discussion about research on human remains from North America are not always generalizable worldwide. After considering diverse contexts, we developed a set of globally applicable guidelines. These hold that: 1) researchers must ensure that all regulations were followed in the places where they work and from which the human remains derived; 2) researchers must prepare a detailed plan prior to beginning any study; 3) researchers must minimize damage to human remains; 4) researchers must ensure that data are made available following publication to allow critical reexamination of scientific findings; and 5) researchers must engage with other stakeholders from the beginning of a study and ensure respect and sensitivity to stakeholder perspectives. We commit to adhering to these guidelines and expect they will promote a high ethical standard going forward.